Table 3.

Differences in bone mineral density z scores in T1DM subjects and age, sex, and body mass index matched controls at total body (expressed as mean ± SD).

BMD z score	T1DM	Control	P value
Total body	−1.10 ± 1.50	−0.57 ± 1.39	<0.01
Males (53/100)	−1.22 ± 1.05	−0.98 ± 0.88	0.08
<20 (5/8)	−1.69 ± 1.25	−1.61 ± 0.84	0.39
20–30 (37/72)	−1.51 ± 0.99	−0.79 ± 0.86	<0.01
>30 (11/20)	−0.65 ± 1.25	−0.23 ± 1.31	0.34
Females (22/40)	−0.86 ± 1.36	−0.01 ± 1.15	<0.01
<20 (5/8)	−1.45 ± 1.87	−1.14 ± 0.56	0.23
20–30 (7/12)	−1.37 ± 0.79	−0.02 ± 0.71	0.02
>30 (10/20)	−0.16 ± 1.05	0.58 ± 1.05	0.09

BMD: bone mineral density; T1DM: type 1 diabetes mellitus.

The numbers in brackets indicate the number of subjects in each subgroup cases and controls. For example, males (53/100) to be read as 53 T1DM cases and 100 healthy controls were in this group.