Figure 1. An illustration of the arithmetic switch tasks with solvable and pseudo equations.

A. Trials of the arithmetic and symbol-switching task (Experiment 1). For the arithmetic task, participants had to solve equations and indicate whether the answer was correct, while for the symbol-switching task participants had to indicate the type of operation. B. Trials involving pseudo equations of the symbol-switch letter task where participants had to indicate type of operation (Experiment 2).