Table 1.
Demographic Characteristics as a Function of Serostatus and Crack, Cocaine, and/or Heroin Use.
| Groups | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Infected (n=952) | Uninfected (n=443) | |||||
|
|
||||||
| Background Characteristics (%) | Recent (n=91) | Former (n=463) | Non-users (n=398) | Recent (n=49) | Former (n=188) | Non-users (n=206) |
| Age(M, SD)D,S,DxS | 46.8 (7.7) | 46.9 (6.9) | 40.6 (9.7) | 42.8 (8.0) | 44.4 (8.9) | 34.4 (9.1) |
| WRAT-RD | 88.7 (17.4) | 90.6 (17.2) | 94.8 (18.3) | 89.7 (15.5) | 89.8 (17.9) | 95.4 (16.5) |
| Years of EducationD | 11.5 (2.8) | 11.9 (3.1) | 13.1 (2.9) | 12.2 (3.0) | 12.0 (2.7) | 13.2 (2.8) |
| Race/EthnicityS | ||||||
| African American, non-Hispanic | 70% | 64% | 64% | 61% | 58% | 63% |
| White, non-Hispanic | 10% | 16% | 16% | 12% | 11% | 8% |
| Hispanic | 14% | 18% | 15% | 21% | 28% | 24% |
| Other | 6% | 2% | 5% | 6% | 3% | 5% |
| Hepatitis C virus antibodyS,D | 56% | 45% | 6% | 29% | 28% | 4% |
| Recent | ||||||
| Depressive Symptoms, CES-D ≥16D | 54% | 35% | 28% | 50% | 34% | 19% |
| Antidepressant medication useS,D | 20% | 18% | 9% | 10% | 11% | 1% |
| Hazardous alcohol use±S, D | 21% | 5% | 3% | 35% | 9% | 6% |
| Crack cocaine use | 78% | 0% | 0% | 65% | 0% | 0% |
| Powder cocaine useS | 24% | 0% | 0% | 45% | 0% | 0% |
| Heroin use | 29% | 0% | 0% | 33% | 0% | 0% |
| Crack, cocaine, and/or heroin use prior to entry into WIHS | 92% | 98% | 0% | 92% | 94% | 0% |
| Proportion of WIHS visits where crack, cocaine, and/or heroin use was yesS,D,DxS | 53% | 7% | 0% | 52% | 19% | 0% |
| SmokingS,D | ||||||
| Never | 4% | 10% | 56% | 0% | 9% | 50% |
| Former | 85% | 50% | 19% | 84% | 60% | 32% |
| Recent | 11% | 39% | 25% | 16% | 31% | 18% |
| Marijuana UseS,D | ||||||
| Never | 7% | 9% | 53% | 2% | 7% | 40% |
| Former | 51% | 76% | 38% | 39% | 70% | 43% |
| Recent | 43% | 15% | 9% | 59% | 23% | 17% |
| Disease | ||||||
| CD4 nadir (cells/mm3)D | 208 (163) | 230 (172) | 254 (175) | |||
| CD4 Count (cells/mm3)D | ||||||
| > 500 | 29% | 44% | 51% | - | - | - |
| ≥ 200 and < 500 | 44% | 43% | 39% | |||
| <200 | 27% | 13% | 10% | |||
| Viral Load (HIV RNA, cp/ml)D | ||||||
| Undetectable | 27% | 56% | 57% | - | - | - |
| < 10,000 | 44% | 30% | 29% | |||
| ≥ 10,000 | 29% | 14% | 14% | |||
| Medication UseD | ||||||
| No cART | 50% | 33% | 32% | - | - | - |
| cART <95% compliance | 25% | 15% | 16% | - | - | - |
| cART ≥95% compliance | 25% | 52% | 52% | - | - | - |
| ART duration (years)(M, SD)‡D | 8.1 (3.4) | 9.6 (2.7) | 8.6 (3.2) | - | - | - |
Note.
D
Main effect of drug use significant at p<.05;
S
Main effect of serostatus significant at p<.05,
DxS
Drug use × Serostatus interaction significant at p<.05;
“Recent” refers to within 6 months of the most recent WIHS visit. “Former” refers to any previous use, but not in the past 6 months. cART = combination antiretroviral therapy; ART = antiretroviral therapy.
^
Hazardous alcohol use reflects >7 drinks per week or more than 4 drinks in one sitting.
‡
Reflects the mean for 859 HIV-infected women (90%) who started ART prior to data collection (WIHS visit 25).