Table 3.
Results from Adjusted Analysis Examining the Effect of Serostatus, Crack, Cocaine, and/or Heroin use, and their Interaction on Cognitive Function.
| Multivariable Linear Regression Models | ||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Model 1: No interactions in model | Model 2: Interactions included in model | |||||||
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| Serostatus | Drug use | |||||||
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| HIV+ vs. HIV− | Recent vs. Non-users | Former vs. Non-users | Recent vs. Former | Adjusted R2 | Recent vs. non-users × Status | Former vs. non-users × Status | Adjusted R2 | |
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| Tests | B (SE) | B (SE) | B (SE) | B (SE) | B (SE) | B (SE) | ||
| HVLT | ||||||||
| Trial 1 | −.07 (.06) | −.04 (.10) | −.09 (.07) | .05 (.09) | .16 | −.43 (.18)* | −.01 (.11) | .17 |
| Total learning | −.14 (.05)** | −.16 (.09) | −.11 (.06) | −.05 (.09) | .25 | −.58 (.17)** | .01 (.11) | .26 |
| Learning slope | −.16 (.05)** | −.20 (.10)* | −.10 (.07) | −.10 (.09) | .19 | −.60 (.18)*** | −.01 (.11) | .20 |
| Delayed recall | −.11 (.05)* | −.27 (.10)** | −.12 (.07) | −.15 (.09) | .22 | −.50 (.17)** | −.11 (.11) | .23 |
| Percent retention | −.02 (.06) | −.15 (.11) | −.05 (.07) | −.09 (.10) | .03 | - | - | - |
| Recognition | −.16 (.06)** | −.24 (.11)* | −.04 (.07) | −.20 (.09)* | .15 | - | - | - |
| Stroop Test | ||||||||
| Trials 1&2a | −.05 (.05) | −.04 (.10) | .02 (.07) | −.07 (.09) | .25 | - | - | - |
| Trial 3a | −.05 (.06) | .04 (.11) | .06 (.07) | −.02 (.10) | .21 | - | - | - |
Note.
*
p<0.05;
**
p<0.01;
***
p<0.001.
a
For Stroop, we also controlled for the number of times a woman was exposed to the test (range 1–3 times).
B = Parameter estimates for each factor modeled individually. SE = standard error. HVLT = Hopkins Verbal Learning Test.
All models are adjusted for age, education, race/ethnicity, WRAT-R, site, depressive symptoms, self-reported use of antidepressant medication, marijuana use, smoking, hazardous alcohol use, self-reported dementia, and Hepatitis C virus antibody.