Table 3. Comparisons of genotype distribution and clinical characteristics of cryptococcosis by HIV status, Taiwan, 1997–2010.
| Characteristics | HIV-negative patients (N = 149)a | HIV-infected patients (N = 54)a | P value | ||
| No. | (%) | No. | (%) | ||
| Genotype distribution | |||||
| VNI | 137 | 53 | |||
| VNII | 4 | 0 | |||
| VGI | 2 | 1 | |||
| VGII | 6 | 0 | |||
| Geographic distribution | |||||
| Northern | 84 | (56.4) | 34 | (63.0) | |
| Central | 43 | (28.9) | 14 | (25.9) | |
| Southern | 16 | (10.7) | 5 | (9.3) | |
| Eastern | 6 | (4.0) | 0 | (0.0) | |
| Demographic data | |||||
| Age ≥60 years | 75 | (50.3) | 1 | (1.9) | <0.001 |
| Male | 94 | (63.1) | 51 | (94.4) | <0.001 |
| Underlying conditions | |||||
| Liver diseases | |||||
| Hepatitis B virus carrier | 33 | (22.1) | 13 | (24.1) | 0.845 |
| Cirrhosis of liverb | 30 | (20.1) | 1 | (1.9) | 0.001 |
| Diabetes mellitus | 40 | (26.8) | 0 | (0.0) | <0.001 |
| Malignancy | |||||
| Hematological malignancy | 5 | (3.4) | 3 | (5.6) | 0.686 |
| Other malignancy | 33 | (22.1) | 3 | (5.6) | 0.005 |
| Kidney diseases | 20 | (13.4) | 1 | (1.9) | 0.014 |
| Solid organ transplantation | 4 | (2.7) | 0 | (0.0) | 0.576 |
| No underlying conditions | 23 | (15.4) | 0 | (0.0) | 0.002 |
| Classification of cryptococcosis | 0.002 | ||||
| Meningoencephalitis | 80 | (53.7) | 44 | (81.5) | |
| Pulmonary cryptococcosis | 35 | (23.5) | 3 | (5.6) | |
| Othersc | 34 | (22.8) | 7 | (13.0) | |
| Serum cryptococcal capsular antigen | 0.001 | ||||
| Antigen titer ≥512 | 43 | (28.9) | 34 | (63.0) | |
| Antigen titer <512 | 49 | (32.9) | 11 | (20.4) | |
| Not doned | 57 | (38.3) | 9 | (16.7) | |
| CSF c cryptococcal capsular antigen | 0.661 | ||||
| Antigen titer ≥1∶512 | 50 | (33.6) | 33 | (61.1) | |
| Antigen titer <1∶512 | 27 | (18.1) | 15 | (27.8) | |
| Not doned | 72 | (48.3) | 6 | (11.1) | |
| Intracranial pressure | 0.101 | ||||
| Opening pressure≥250 mmH2O | 32 | (21.5) | 22 | (40.7) | |
| Opening pressure<250 mmH2O | 33 | (22.1) | 11 | (20.4) | |
| Not done or not availabled | 84 | (56.4) | 21 | (38.9) | |
| Neurosurgical intervention | 15 | (10.1) | 7 | (13.0) | 0.592 |
| All-cause mortality | |||||
| 2-week mortality | 19 | (12.8) | 5 | (9.3) | 0.468 |
| 10-week mortality | 52 | (34.9) | 12 | (22.2) | 0.100 |
Abbreviation: HIV: human immunodeficiency virus.
a
Of 219 patients with cryptococcosis, the HIV status of 16 patients was not available. Therefore, 203 cases were included for analysis.
b
One patient could possess more than one underlying condition; 18 HIV-negative patients had both cirrhosis of liver and HBV infection.
c
“Others” included 25 patients with cryptococcemia in HIV-negative group and seven cryptococcemia in HIV-infected group.
d
Data which were not done or not available were excluded from statistical analysis.