Table 4. Serum levels of oxidative stress and antioxidant system indicators.

Measures	Weeks	Placebo (n = 30)	PG 1 g (n = 29)	PG 2 g (n = 29)	P-value	Multiple Comparison
	Week 0	187.1±24.0	187.0±22.1	188.9±17.1		Plac. vs. PG1: 0.035
ROS (unit/mL)	Week 4	164.0±16.5	151.0±16.0	146.8±26.9	0.031	Plac. vs. PG2: 0.031
	95% CI*	11.9∼33.8	28.0∼42.1	31.0∼53.1		PG1. vs. PG2: 0.939
	Week 0	17.5±5.3	18.7±4.5	18.4±6.3		Plac. vs. PG1: 0.028
MDA (µM)	Week 4	16.7±5.7	14.3±4.1	13.4±3.7	0.009	Plac. vs. PG2: 0.009
	95% CI	−2.2∼3.5	2.6∼6.1	2.8∼7.3		PG1. vs. PG2: 0.665
	Week 0	223.7±47.9	237.3±31.4	220.1±31.9
TAC (µM)	Week 4	239.6±64.9	274.1±88.5	277.0±150.0	0.147	Not done
	95% CI	−44.0∼17.1	−68.8∼−4.9	−113.8∼−5.7
	Week 0	1.60±0.70	1.03±0.56	1.76±0.52
SOD (unit/mL)	Week 4	1.25±0.60	0.88±0.34	1.45±0.60	0.784	Not done
	95% CI	0.08∼0.65	−0.06∼0.35	0.08∼0.54
	Week 0	606.9±167.9	649.6±196.2	572.5±108.4
Catalase (unit/mL)	Week 4	659.6±127.3	702.8±228.3	601.3±81.9	0.645	Not done
	95% CI	−122.3∼12.5	−144.5∼37.9	−70.5∼13.0
	Week 0	56.5±9.9	57.4±5.8	60.8±7.9		Plac. vs. PG1: 0.043
GSH contents (µM)	Week 4	55.4±7.2	61.1±7.4	61.2±5.1	0.043	Plac. vs. PG2: 0.508
	95% CI	−2.5∼5.7	−6.0∼−1.3	−3.8∼2.8		PG1. vs. PG2: 0.170
	Week 0	0.10±0.04	0.08±0.04	0.09±0.03
GSH-Px (unit/mL)	Week 4	0.14±0.04	0.11±0.04	0.12±0.09	0.833	Not done
	95% CI	−0.07∼−0.01	−0.05∼−0.01	−0.07∼0.00
	Week 0	0.44±0.06	0.37±0.06	0.43±0.04		Plac. vs. PG1: 0.021
GSH-Rd (unit/mL)	Week 4	0.41±0.16	0.42±0.05	0.43±0.07	0.021	Plac. vs. PG2: 0.595
	95% CI	−0.04∼0.08	−0.07∼−0.02	−0.02∼0.03		PG1. vs. PG2: 0.072

Data were expressed as mean ± standard deviation (SD).

^*95% confidence interval (CI) came from the changed values between week 0 and week 4.