Table 2. Laboratory findings of blood/serum analysis and Homeostasis Model Assessment (HOMA) using HOMA-2 calculator for beta cell efficiency of the participants in different groups (N = 280, Normoglycemic = 143, Prediabetic = 36 and Diabetic = 101).
| Patient status | Laboratory findings | Beta cell efficiency using HOMA-2 calculator | |||||
| Mean fasting blood glucose mmol/l ± SD (Median, IQR*) | Mean serum zinc,ppb/l ± SD (Median, IQR*) | Mean serum insulin,µu/ml ± SD (Median, IQR*) | Mean HbA1C level, % ± SD (Median, IQR*) | Mean % of betacell function ± SD (Median, IQR*) | Mean % of insulin sensitivity ± SD (Median, IQR*) | Mean insulin resistance ± SD (Median, IQR*) | |
| Normal (n = 143) | 4.3±0.60 (4.4, 4.0to 4.8) | 585.31±160.63 (600, 500 to 700) | 10.47±6.45 (9.3,6.2 to 14.0) | 6.03±0.85 (6.0, 5.3 to 6.5) | 154.69±78.24 (135.3, 99.6 to 185.2) | 108.38±67.95 (88.1, 57.2 to 131.7) | 1.30±0.76 (1.10, 0.8 to 1.7) |
| Prediabetic (n = 36) | 6.3±0.38 (6.3, 6.0to 6.6) | 520.55±161.36 (500,400 to 650) | 11.33±9.15 (7.95, 6.65 to 12.15) | 6.36±0.98 (6.3, 5.7to 6.85) | 75.52±38.29 (63.65, 51.25 to 85.05) | 90.27±43.95 (90.95, 60.8 to 107.95) | 1.53±1.18 (1.10, 0.90 to 1.65) |
| Diabetic (n = 101) | 11.87±5.3 (10.5, 8.3 to 13.7) | 553.96±148.44 (550, 450 to 650) | 15.89±19.0 (10.0, 6.8 to 17.6) | 8.39±2.43 (8.0, 6.3to 9.7) | - | - | - |
| Non-parametric Kruskal-Wallis P value | φ<0.001, §<0.001, ψ<0.001 | φ0.03, §0.02, ψ0.07 | φ0.08, §0.8, ψ0.03 | φ<0.001, §0.1, ψ<0.001 | <0.001 | 0.4 | 0.4 |
*
IQR = Interquartile range,
φ
across all groups;
§
between normal and prediabetic only;
ψ
between normal and diabetic only.