Figure 1.

Characteristics of the three animal groups used in this study: non-kindled WT mice with mild seizures, kindled WT mice, and non-kindled FGF22KO mice with moderate seizures. WT and FGF22KO mice were injected with a GABA receptor antagonist pentylenetetrazol (PTZ; 35 mg/kg) every 48 h to induce seizures. Control animals received PBS. (A) Typical time course of seizure development and three animal groups. Group 1: WT mice were injected until they first showed a seizure greater then level 1 (~14 PTZ injections); Group 2: WT mice were injected until they were kindled (~24 PTZ injections); Group 3: FGF22KO mice were injected with PTZ for 37 times—they showed moderate seizures but did not kindle. (B) Summary of characteristics of three animal groups. For each mouse group, the genotype, the highest seizure level, kindled or not, the cumulative seizure score, and the number of animals are shown. The highest seizure level indicates the most severe seizure level observed over the entire injection period. Group 1 mice showed only mild seizures (one level 3 seizure), Group 2 mice showed severe seizures (level 6 = kindled), and Group 3 mice showed mild to moderate seizures (level 3–4). The cumulative seizure score is the sum of seizure levels that the mouse has experienced throughout the injection period. Group 1 mice received considerably less cumulative seizures relative to Groups 2 and 3, which received comparable amount of cumulative seizures to each other.