Table 1.
Patient and tumor characteristics
| Characteristic | No. of patients (%) |
||
|---|---|---|---|
| Beta-blockers (N = 155) | No beta-blockers (N = 567) | P value | |
| Sex | 0.92 | ||
| Female | 69 (45) | 255 (45) | |
| Male | 86 (55) | 312 (55) | |
| Age, years | <0.01 | ||
| <65 | 53 (34) | 312 (55) | |
| ≥65 | 102 (66) | 255 (45) | |
| Race | 0.80 | ||
| Caucasian | 133 (86) | 482 (85) | |
| Non-Caucasian | 22 (14) | 85 (15) | |
| Karnofsky performance score | 0.04 | ||
| ≤80 | 121 (78) | 394 (69) | |
| >80 | 34 (22) | 173 (31) | |
| T Category | 0.89 | ||
| T1,2 | 82 (54) | 298 (53) | |
| T3,4 | 70 (46) | 261 (47) | |
| N Category | 0.03 | ||
| N0,1 | 34 (22) | 84 (15) | |
| N2,3 | 121 (78) | 483 (85) | |
| Clinical stage | 0.04a | ||
| I | 9 (6) | 13 (2) | |
| II | 8 (5) | 15 (3) | |
| IIIA | 62 (40) | 261 (46) | |
| IIIB | 76 (49) | 278 (49) | |
| Tumor histology | 0.47 | ||
| Squamous cell | 52 (34) | 208 (37) | |
| Non-squamous cell | 103 (66) | 359 (63) | |
| Smoking status | 0.49a | ||
| Never | 11 (7) | 38 (7) | |
| Previous | 113 (73) | 389 (69) | |
| Current | 31 (20) | 140 (25) | |
| Concurrent chemotherapy | 0.02 | ||
| No | 35 (23) | 84 (15) | |
| Yes | 120 (77) | 483 (85) | |
| Radiation dose, Gy | <0.01 | ||
| 60–63 | 69 (45) | 323 (57) | |
| >63 | 86 (55) | 244 (43) | |
| Gross tumor volume, cm3 | 0.12 | ||
| <119 | 86 (55) | 273 (48) | |
| ≥119 | 69 (45) | 294 (52) | |
| Hypertension | <0.01 | ||
| No | 50 (32) | 362 (64) | |
| Yes | 105 (68) | 205 (36) | |
| Chronic obstructive | |||
| Pulmonary disease | 0.21 | ||
| No | 112 (72) | 437 (77) | |
| Yes | 43 (28) | 130 (23) | |
| Aspirin | <0.01 | ||
| No | 90 (58) | 474 (84) | |
| Yes | 65 (42) | 93 (16) | |
aFisher's exact test.