Table 3.
Univariable Cox proportional hazards model for all patients
| Variable | LRPFS |
DMFS |
DFS |
OS |
||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| HR | 95% CI | P | HR | 95% CI | P | HR | 95% CI | P | HR | 95% CI | P | |
| Use of beta-blocker | ||||||||||||
| No | Ref. | Ref. | Ref. | Ref. | ||||||||
| Yes | 0.85 | 0.61–1.19 | 0.33 | 0.60 | 0.45–0.81 | <0.01 | 0.66 | 0.52–0.85 | <0.01 | 0.76 | 0.61–0.94 | 0.01 |
| Sex | ||||||||||||
| Female | Ref. | Ref. | Ref. | Ref. | ||||||||
| Male | 1.02 | 0.77–1.33 | 0.91 | 0.88 | 0.71–1.09 | 0.36 | 0.89 | 0.73–1.07 | 0.21 | 1.06 | 0.90–1.26 | 0.69 |
| Age, years | ||||||||||||
| <65 | Ref. | Ref. | Ref. | Ref. | ||||||||
| ≥65 | 0.80 | 0.61–1.05 | 0.11 | 0.72 | 0.58–0.89 | <0.01 | 0.73 | 0.61–0.89 | <0.01 | 1.14 | 0.97–1.35 | 0.12 |
| Race | ||||||||||||
| Non-Caucasian | Ref. | Ref. | Ref. | Ref. | ||||||||
| Caucasian | 0.87 | 0.60–1.26 | 0.46 | 0.82 | 0.61–1.09 | 0.17 | 0.90 | 0.69–1.17 | 0.44 | 0.90 | 0.71–1.13 | 0.36 |
| KPS | ||||||||||||
| ≤80 | Ref. | Ref. | Ref. | Ref. | ||||||||
| >80 | 0.86 | 0.64–1.17 | 0.34 | 0.79 | 0.62–1.00 | 0.06 | 0.83 | 0.67–1.02 | 0.08 | 0.70 | 0.58–0.85 | <0.01 |
| T stage | ||||||||||||
| T1,2 | Ref. | Ref. | Ref. | Ref. | ||||||||
| T3,4 | 1.00 | 0.77–1.32 | 0.98 | 1.25 | 1.01–1.56 | 0.04 | 1.21 | 1.00–1.47 | 0.05 | 1.16 | 0.98–1.37 | 0.09 |
| N stage | ||||||||||||
| N0,1 | Ref. | Ref. | Ref. | Ref. | ||||||||
| N2,3 | 1.13 | 0.78–1.62 | 0.53 | 1.47 | 1.07–2.03 | 0.02 | 1.32 | 1.00–1.73 | 0.05 | 1.26 | 1.00–1.60 | 0.06 |
| Clinical disease stage | ||||||||||||
| I/II | Ref. | Ref. | Ref. | |||||||||
| III | 1.23 | 0.70–2.15 | 0.47 | 2.91 | 1.55–5.47 | <0.01 | 2.03 | 1.27–3.26 | <0.01 | 1.85 | 1.22–2.81 | <0.01 |
| Tumor histology | ||||||||||||
| Non-squamous | Ref. | Ref. | Ref. | Ref. | ||||||||
| Squamous | 1.42 | 1.08–1.86 | 0.01 | 0.72 | 0.57–0.91 | <0.01 | 0.96 | 0.78–1.17 | 0.66 | 1.24 | 1.04–1.47 | 0.02 |
| Smoking status | ||||||||||||
| Never | Ref. | Ref. | Ref. | Ref. | ||||||||
| Previous | 0.81 | 0.50–1.32 | 0.40 | 0.82 | 0.55–1.23 | 0.33 | 0.92 | 0.64–1.32 | 0.64 | 1.02 | 0.72–1.43 | 0.92 |
| Current | 0.71 | 0.41–1.23 | 0.23 | 0.99 | 0.64–1.54 | 0.98 | 0.98 | 0.66–1.45 | 0.90 | 1.10 | 0.76–1.60 | 0.60 |
| Concurrent chemotherapy | ||||||||||||
| No | Ref. | Ref. | Ref. | Ref. | ||||||||
| Yes | 1.19 | 0.79–1.78 | 0.41 | 1.09 | 0.79–1.49 | 0.61 | 1.06 | 0.81–1.39 | 0.68 | 0.65 | 0.52–0.80 | <0.01 |
| Radiation dose, Gy | ||||||||||||
| 60–63 | Ref. | Ref. | Ref. | Ref. | ||||||||
| >63 | 1.31 | 1.00–1.72 | 0.05 | 1.00 | 0.80–1.24 | 0.98 | 1.04 | 0.86–1.26 | 0.65 | 0.95 | 0.80–1.13 | 0.56 |
| GTV, cm3 | ||||||||||||
| <119 | Ref. | Ref. | Ref. | Ref. | ||||||||
| ≥119 | 1.52 | 1.16–1.99 | <0.01 | 1.41 | 1.14–1.75 | <0.01 | 1.45 | 1.20–1.75 | <0.01 | 1.65 | 1.39–1.95 | <0.01 |
| Hypertension | ||||||||||||
| No | Ref. | Ref. | Ref. | Ref. | ||||||||
| Yes | 0.80 | 0.61–1.05 | 0.11 | 0.82 | 0.66–1.02 | 0.07 | 0.82 | 0.67–0.99 | 0.04 | 0.90 | 0.76–1.06 | 0.20 |
| COPD | ||||||||||||
| No | Ref. | Ref. | Ref. | Ref. | ||||||||
| Yes | 0.92 | 0.66–1.27 | 0.61 | 0.71 | 0.54–0.94 | 0.02 | 0.87 | 0.69–1.09 | 0.23 | 1.14 | 0.94–1.38 | 0.20 |
| Aspirin | ||||||||||||
| No | Ref. | Ref. | Ref. | Ref. | ||||||||
| Yes | 1.06 | 0.77–1.45 | 0.73 | 0.67 | 0.50–0.89 | <0.01 | 0.78 | 0.61–0.99 | 0.04 | 0.93 | 0.76–1.15 | 0.52 |
LRPFS, locoregional progression-free survival; DMFS, distant metastasis-free survival; DFS, disease-free survival; OS, overall survival; KPS, Karnofsky performance score; GTV, gross tumor volume; COPD, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease; HR, hazard ratio; CI, confidence interval; Ref, reference variable.