. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2013 Apr 18.

Published in final edited form as: J Spec Educ. 2008 Sep 17;43(4):236–254. doi: 10.1177/0022466908323007

Table 5.

Estimated Effects of Special Education Services on Children’s Behaviors

	OLS Regression (no covariates)	OLS Regression (covariates)	Stratification Matching	Nearest Neighbor Matching	Kernel Matching
2004 Approaches to Learning	−.389^***	−.046	−.009	.027	−.008
2002–2004 Approaches to Learning gains	.109^**	.052	.085^*	.140^*	.127^***
2004 Externalizing Problem Behaviors	.164^***	.013	−.031	−.090	−.039
2002–2004 Externalizing Problem Behaviors gains	−.012	.030	.005	.029	.028
2004 Internalizing Problem Behaviors	.287^***	.112^***	.057	.045	.093^*
2002–2004 Internalizing Problem Behaviors gains	.003	.014	−.008	.029	.043

p<.05;

^**

p<.01;

^***

p<.001