Table 1.
Relative (observed versus expected) death rate among Olmsted County, MN residents following a fracture due to severe trauma in 1989–1991, adjusted for age, by skeletal site, sex, and time interval after fracture
| <1 year |
1–5 years |
>5 years |
||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Women | Men | Women | Men | Women | Men | |||||||
| Fracture site | n a | SMR (95 % CI)b |
n a | SMR (95 % CI)b |
n a | SMR (95 % CI)b |
n a | SMR (95 % CI)b |
n a | SMR (95 % CI)b |
n a | SMR (95 % CI)b |
| Skull/face | 2 | 7.4 (0.9–27) | 7 | 21 (8.3–43) | 1 | 0.7 (0.02–4.0) | 1 | 0.7 (0.02–3.7) | 4 | 0.6 (0.2–1.6) | 10 | 1.0 (0.5–1.9) |
| Hands/fingers | 2 | 1.2 (0.2–4.4) | 3 | 2.1 (0.4–6.1) | 4 | 0.7 (0.2–1.7) | 6 | 1.0 (0.4–2.1) | 14 | 0.9 (0.5–1.4) | 24 | 0.7 (0.5–1.1) |
| Distal forearm | 1 | 0.9 (0.02–5.2) | 1 | 3.5 (0.1–20) | 4 | 0.9 (0.2–2.2) | 0 | 0 (0–2.7) | 19 | 0.9 (0.5–1.4) | 6 | 0.9 (0.3–2.0) |
| Proximal humerus | 2 | 3.8 (0.5–14) | 0 | 0 (0–15) | 4 | 1.5 (0.4–4.0) | 2 | 2.8 (0.3–10) | 8 | 1.1 (0.5–2.2) | 4 | 2.4 (0.6–6.0) |
| Other arm | 2 | 4.7 (0.6–17) | 4 | 6.0 (1.6–15) | 1 | 1.2 (0.03–6.6) | 3 | 3.8 (0.8–11) | 4 | 1.0 (0.3–2.4) | 2 | 0.6 (0.1–2.0) |
| Clavicle/scapula/ sternum |
2 | 4.2 (0.5–15) | 5 | 11 (3.5–25) | 3 | 1.7 (0.4–5.0) | 2 | 1.3 (0.2–4.6) | 5 | 0.6 (0.2–1.3) | 8 | 1.0 (0.4–1.9) |
| Ribs | 2 | 1.4 (0.2–5.2) | 4 | 1.7 (0.5–4.4) | 11 | 2.7 (1.4–4.8) | 14 | 1.7 (0.9–2.9) | 10 | 0.7 (0.3–1.3) | 28 | 1.0 (0.6–1.4) |
| Vertebra | 3 | 2.0 (0.4–5.9) | 2 | 1.6 (0.2–5.6) | 6 | 1.2 (0.4–2.6) | 8 | 2.0 (0.8–3.8) | 16 | 0.9 (0.5–1.4) | 11 | 0.7 (0.3–1.2) |
| Other spine | 1 | 42 (1.1–232) | 1 | 6.8 (0.2–38) | 0 | 0 (0–31) | 1 | 1.4 (0.04–7.8) | 0 | 0 (0–3.8) | 7 | 2.3 (0.9–4.6) |
| Pelvis | 2 | 2.1 (0.2–7.6) | 2 | 14 (1.7–50) | 6 | 2.3 (0.8–5.0) | 2 | 5.2 (0.6–19) | 6 | 0.8 (0.3–1.8) | 1 | 0.5 (0.01–2.9) |
| Hip | 4 | 4.7 (1.3–12) | 3 | 5.3 (1.1–15) | 4 | 1.2 (0.3–3.0) | 2 | 1.4 (0.2–4.9) | 15 | 1.7 (0.95–2.8) | 4 | 1.1 (0.3–2.8) |
| Other leg | 5 | 2.7 (0.9–6.3) | 3 | 2.8 (0.6–8.1) | 7 | 1.0 (0.4–2.2) | 5 | 1.1 (0.3–2.5) | 33 | 0.9 (0.6–1.3) | 20 | 1.1 (0.7–1.7) |
| Feet/toes | 3 | 1.2 (0.2–3.5) | 2 | 1.1 (0.2–6.5) | 5 | 0.5 (0.2–1.1) | 2 | 0.4 (0.1–1.4) | 40 | 0.8 (0.6–1.1) | 22 | 0.9 (0.6–1.4) |
| Any severe trauma | 15 | 1.3 (0.8–2.2) | 20 | 2.3 (1.4–3.6) | 43 | 1.0 (0.7–1.4) | 37 | 1.1 (0.8–1.6) | 147 | 0.9 (0.8–1.04) | 126 | 0.9 (0.7–1.1) |
Note that 146 fractures of uncertain cause (experienced by 134 people) were excluded from this analysis
a
Number of deaths in the interval
b
Standardized mortality ratio (SMR), adjusted for age, and 95 % confidence interval (95 % CI). Statistically significant associations are italicized