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. 2013 Mar 20;3(4):258–266. doi: 10.7150/thno.5701

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© Ivyspring International Publisher. This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/3.0/). Reproduction is permitted for personal, noncommercial use, provided that the article is in whole, unmodified, and properly cited.

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Fig 3 — Characterization of upconversion nanoparticles (UCNPs). (A) X-ray diffraction (XRD) pattern of UCNPs in IL-phase. (B) Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectra of (a) UCNPs in IL-phase and (b) UCNPs@SiO₂-NH₂. (C) Zeta-potential of UCNPs, UCNPs@SiO₂, and UCNPs@SiO₂-NH₂.