Figure 1. Effects of bilateral microinjection of muscimol (2 mm, 500 nl) into the PVN on mean arterial blood pressure, heart rate, cardiac SNA and renal SNA in conscious normal (n= 5, continuous line) and HF sheep (n= 5, dashed lines).

The distribution of all injection sites is shown in the schematic drawing adapted from coronal sections from 1 animal. The dots show the centre of injection sites as visualized by the distribution of blue dye. Dots indicate the paraventricular nucleus of the hypothalamus (PVN) muscimol injection sites in the normal (open circles) and heart failure animals. IC, optic chiasm.