Table 1.
Comparisons of neurocognitive function between children with and without SDB
| Authors | Global intelligence | Verbal intelligence | Nonverbal intelligence | Memory | Attention | Executive function | Language | Visual spatial | Sensorimotor |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Rhodes et al45 | + | NA | NA | + | NA | NA | NA | NA | NA |
| Blunden et al31 | + | + | + | + | + | NA | NA | NA | NA |
| Owens et al46,* | ○ | ○ | NA | ○ | + | + | o | ○ | + |
| Hansen and Vandenberg47,* | NA | NA | NA | ○ | + | NA | NA | NA | NA |
| Lewin et al19 | ○ | ○ | ○ | NA | NA | NA | NA | NA | NA |
| Friedman et al16 | + | ○ | NA | + | NA | NA | NA | ○ | NA |
| Kaemingk et al48 | ○ | ○ | ○ | + | NA | NA | ○ | NA | NA |
| Archbold et al49,* | ○ | NA | NA | ○ | + | ○ | ○ | NA | NA |
| Beebe et al24 | ○ | NA | NA | ○ | ○ | + | NA | NA | NA |
| Gottlieb et al17 | + | ○ | + | + | + | + | NA | NA | NA |
| Kennedy et al50 | + | + | ○ | + | + | NA | NA | NA | NA |
| O’Brien et al27 | + | ○ | + | ○ | + | + | + | ○ | NA |
| O’Brien et al51 | + | + | ○ | + | ○ | ○ | + | + | NA |
| O’Brien et al26 | + | + | + | ○ | + | ○ | + | + | NA |
| Montgomery-Downs et al15 | + | NA | NA | NA | NA | NA | ○ | NA | NA |
| Chervin et al43 | NA | NA | NA | NA | + | NA | NA | NA | NA |
| Galland et al32 | NA | NA | NA | NA | + | NA | NA | NA | NA |
| Halbower et al52 | + | NA | NA | ○ | o | + | NA | ○ | ○ |
| Hill et al33 | ○ | ○ | ○ | NA | + | + | NA | ○ | NA |
| Kurnatowski et al34 | NA | NA | NA | + | + | + | + | + | + |
| Li et al53,a | NA | NA | NA | NA | + | NA | NA | NA | NA |
| Ziliotto et al54 | NA | NA | NA | + | NA | NA | NA | NA | NA |
| Gozal et al55 | + | NA | NA | NA | NA | NA | NA | NA | NA |
| Uema et al56 | NA | NA | NA | + | ○ | NA | NA | NA | NA |
| Calhoun et al57 | ○ | ○ | + | ○ | ○ | ○ | NA | ○ | NA |
| Giordani et al25 | NA | ○ | NA | +a | + | ○ | ○ | + | ○ |
| Gozal et al58 | + | + | ○ | ○ | ○ | + | + | ○ | ○ |
| Kohler et al18 | + | + | + | +b | +c | + | + | + | + |
| Studies showing impairment in children with SDB | 13/20 (65%) | 6/15 (40%) | 6/12 (50%) | 12/21 (57.1%) | 15/21 (71.4%) | 9/14 (64.3%) | 6/1 1 (54.5%) | 5/12 (41.7%) | 3/6 (50%) |
a
Compared to standardized norms only.
b
Giordani et al25 report deficits in recall of dot patterns but not for recall of faces, verbal stories, or words.
c
Kohler et al18 report deficits in recall of verbal stories but not recall of faces or words.
d
Kohler et al18 report deficits in visual but not auditory attention.
Note: “+” indicates significant deficits in SDB children shown and “o” indicates significant deficits in SDB children not shown.
Abbreviation: NA, not assessed.