Table 3.

Association between known risk factors and vitamin D deficiency (25-hydroxyvitamin D < 20 ng/mL) in the study group

Factor	Odds ratio (95% CI)
Race (African-American/Caucasian or Hispanic)	50.8* (15.3–168.4)
Obesity (BMI > 30 kg/m2)	2.87* (1.4–5.8)
Age (<60 years)	2.5* (1.2–5.1)
Gender	1.2 (0.6–2.4)
Season (winter/summer)	1.2 (0.6–7.5)

Note:

^*P < 0.05, Chi-square test.

Abbreviations: BMI, body mass index; CI, confidence interval.