Table 1.
11β-HSD1 inhibition/deficiency | Species | Outcome | Ref |
---|---|---|---|
11β-HSD1 inhibitor (Compound 544) | Apoe −/− mice | ↓ atherosclerosis | [91] |
↓ circulating cholesterol | |||
↓ circulating MCP-1 | |||
11β-HSD1 inhibitor (Compound L-750) | Apoe −/− mice | ↓ atherosclerosis | [67•] |
≠ circulating lipids | |||
↓ circulating MCP-1 and aortic MCP-1 mRNA expression | |||
↓ expression of: inflammatory, adhesive and coagulation factors in the vasculature | |||
11β-HSD inhibitor (Compound 2922) | Ldlr −/− Apob 100/100 Lep ob/ob mice | ≠ atherosclerosis | [92] |
↓ circulating LDL | |||
improved glucose homeostasis | |||
11β-HSD inhibitor Carbenoxolone (inhibits both isozymes) | Ldlr −/− Agouti −/− mice | ↓ atherosclerosis in severely obese mice (additional agouti mutation) ↓ circulating lipids | [93] |
11β-HSD1 inhibitor (Compound 544) | Apoe −/− mice | ↓ atherosclerosis ≠ fasting plasma cholesterol, triglycerides or NEFA ↑ plaque stability | [96•] |
11β-HSD1 deficiency | Hsd11b1 −/− Apoe −/− mice | ↓ atherosclerosis | [96•] |
≠ circulating lipids | |||
↓ circulating MCP-1 | |||
↓ circulating Ly6Chi monocytes | |||
≠ macrophage density into lesions | |||
↓ T cell infiltration into lesions | |||
↓ aortic VCAM-1 mRNA expression | |||
↓ atherosclerosis in irradiated Apoe −/− mice receiving bone marrow cells from Hsd11b1 −/− Apoe −/− donor mice | |||
11β-HSD2 deficiency | Hsd11b2 −/− Apoe −/− mice | ↑ atherosclerosis | [13•] |
≠ blood pressure |
≠ no significant effect, ↓ reduced, ↑ increased, NEFA: non-esterified fatty acids