Table 1.
Time 1 |
Time 2 |
|
||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Mean | SD | Mean | SD | t | df | p | Cohen’s df | |
Mullen Scales of Early learning | ||||||||
Visual Reception DQa |
35.9 |
20.6 |
51.5 |
28.2 |
−3.9 |
19 |
0.001** |
0.63 |
Fine Motor DQa |
47.9 |
26.1 |
51.3 |
21.6 |
−1.1 |
20 |
0.28 |
0.14 |
Receptive Language DQa |
27.6 |
21.5 |
38.7 |
24.2 |
−4.4 |
18 |
<0.001** |
0.48 |
Expressive Language DQa |
32.6 |
18.7 |
40.7 |
21.8 |
−4.0 |
20 |
0.001** |
0.40 |
Overall MSEL DQb |
36.8 |
19.7 |
46.7 |
22.6 |
−5.6 |
18 |
<0.001** |
0.47 |
Vineland Adaptive Behaviour Scales-II Scale scores | ||||||||
Receptive Communicationc |
7.6 |
3.5 |
9.3 |
3.4 |
−3.2 |
15 |
0.005** |
0.49 |
Expressive Communicationc |
7.6 |
2.8 |
7.8 |
2.8 |
−0.5 |
17 |
0.64 |
0.07 |
Written Communicationc |
11.7 |
2.4 |
11.9 |
3.7 |
−0.3 |
17 |
0.76 |
0.06 |
Personal Daily Living Skillsc |
8.2 |
2.5 |
8.2 |
2.0 |
−0.2 |
16 |
0.88 |
0.00 |
Domestic Daily Living Skillsc |
10.0 |
2.1 |
10.6 |
3.3 |
−1.0 |
17 |
0.34 |
0.22 |
Community Daily Living Skillsc |
9.8 |
2.7 |
9.2 |
3.4 |
1.3 |
17 |
0.20 |
0.20 |
Interpersonal Relationshipsc |
8.1 |
2.5 |
8.7 |
3.0 |
−1.2 |
16 |
0.24 |
0.22 |
Play and Leisure Timec |
7.9 |
2.0 |
7.5 |
2.1 |
1.3 |
15 |
0.20 |
−0.20g |
Coping Skillsc |
11.4 |
3.1 |
11.5 |
2.9 |
−0.2 |
15 |
0.84 |
0.03 |
Gross Motor Skillsc |
9.3 |
2.8 |
11.7 |
2.7 |
−4.9 |
16 |
<0.001** |
0.87 |
Fine Motor Skillsc |
9.3 |
3.9 |
9.7 |
2.8 |
−0.9 |
15 |
0.40 |
0.12 |
Vineland Adaptive Behaviour Scales -II Standard Domain Scores |
|
|||||||
Communicationd |
61.6 |
14.1 |
65.3 |
20.1 |
−1.1 |
15 |
0.30 |
0.21 |
Socialisationd |
66.8 |
13.0 |
67.1 |
14.5 |
−0.2 |
15 |
0.88 |
0.02 |
Daily Living Skillsd |
64.2 |
14.1 |
64.9 |
16.7 |
−0.3 |
16 |
0.75 |
0.05 |
Motor Skillsd |
66.4 |
17.8 |
73.7 |
14.2 |
−2.7 |
15 |
0.02* |
0.45 |
Adaptive Behaviour Composited |
61.9 |
13.9 |
63.6 |
14.4 |
−0.9 |
14 |
0.38 |
0.12 |
SCQ Total Scoree | 18.5 | 7.2 | 15.7 | 7.1 | 2.2 | 18 | 0.04* | −0.39g |
Note: * p<.05, ** p<0.01, SCQ = Social Communication Questionnaire.
a. DQ = (age equivalent score/chronological age) × 100.
b. Overall MSEL DQ = (Visual Reception DQ + Fine Motor DQ+ Receptive Language DQ + Expressive Language DQ)/4.
c. V-Scale score (mean: 15, SD: 3).
d. Standard score (mean: 100, SD: 15).
e. Range = 0–40. Scores of 15 or more denote probable ASD.
f. Following the recommendations of Dunlap et al. [31] Cohen’s d sores were calculated using the pooled standard deviation score uncorrected for the correlation between pre-post scores.
g. Negative effect sizes denote a reduction from pre-to-post. For the SCQ Total Score, lower scores are indicative of fewer ASD symptoms.