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. 2013 Jan 7;13:3. doi: 10.1186/1471-2431-13-3

Table 1.

Pre- to post-intervention scores in a cohort of preschoolers treated with group ESDM

  Time 1
 Time 2
  
Mean SD Mean SD t df p Cohen’s df
Mullen Scales of Early learning
Visual Reception DQa
 35.9
 20.6
 51.5
 28.2
 −3.9
 19
 0.001**
 0.63
Fine Motor DQa
 47.9
 26.1
 51.3
 21.6
 −1.1
 20
 0.28
 0.14
Receptive Language DQa
 27.6
 21.5
 38.7
 24.2
 −4.4
 18
 <0.001**
 0.48
Expressive Language DQa
 32.6
 18.7
 40.7
 21.8
 −4.0
 20
 0.001**
 0.40
Overall MSEL DQb
 36.8
 19.7
 46.7
 22.6
 −5.6
 18
 <0.001**
 0.47
Vineland Adaptive Behaviour Scales-II Scale scores
Receptive Communicationc
 7.6
 3.5
 9.3
 3.4
 −3.2
 15
 0.005**
 0.49
Expressive Communicationc
 7.6
 2.8
 7.8
 2.8
 −0.5
 17
 0.64
 0.07
Written Communicationc
 11.7
 2.4
 11.9
 3.7
 −0.3
 17
 0.76
 0.06
Personal Daily Living Skillsc
 8.2
 2.5
 8.2
 2.0
 −0.2
 16
 0.88
 0.00
Domestic Daily Living Skillsc
 10.0
 2.1
 10.6
 3.3
 −1.0
 17
 0.34
 0.22
Community Daily Living Skillsc
 9.8
 2.7
 9.2
 3.4
 1.3
 17
 0.20
 0.20
Interpersonal Relationshipsc
 8.1
 2.5
 8.7
 3.0
 −1.2
 16
 0.24
 0.22
Play and Leisure Timec
 7.9
 2.0
 7.5
 2.1
 1.3
 15
 0.20
 −0.20g
Coping Skillsc
 11.4
 3.1
 11.5
 2.9
 −0.2
 15
 0.84
 0.03
Gross Motor Skillsc
 9.3
 2.8
 11.7
 2.7
 −4.9
 16
 <0.001**
 0.87
Fine Motor Skillsc
 9.3
 3.9
 9.7
 2.8
 −0.9
 15
 0.40
 0.12
Vineland Adaptive Behaviour Scales -II Standard Domain Scores
  
Communicationd
 61.6
 14.1
 65.3
 20.1
 −1.1
 15
 0.30
 0.21
Socialisationd
 66.8
 13.0
 67.1
 14.5
 −0.2
 15
 0.88
 0.02
Daily Living Skillsd
 64.2
 14.1
 64.9
 16.7
 −0.3
 16
 0.75
 0.05
Motor Skillsd
 66.4
 17.8
 73.7
 14.2
 −2.7
 15
 0.02*
 0.45
Adaptive Behaviour Composited
 61.9
 13.9
 63.6
 14.4
 −0.9
 14
 0.38
 0.12
SCQ Total Scoree 18.5 7.2 15.7 7.1 2.2 18 0.04* −0.39g

Note: * p<.05, ** p<0.01, SCQ = Social Communication Questionnaire.

a. DQ = (age equivalent score/chronological age) × 100.

b. Overall MSEL DQ = (Visual Reception DQ + Fine Motor DQ+ Receptive Language DQ + Expressive Language DQ)/4.

c. V-Scale score (mean: 15, SD: 3).

d. Standard score (mean: 100, SD: 15).

e. Range = 0–40. Scores of 15 or more denote probable ASD.

f. Following the recommendations of Dunlap et al. [31] Cohen’s d sores were calculated using the pooled standard deviation score uncorrected for the correlation between pre-post scores.

g. Negative effect sizes denote a reduction from pre-to-post. For the SCQ Total Score, lower scores are indicative of fewer ASD symptoms.