TABLE III.
Acoustic attributes of the Ma'di bilabial and coronal stimulus tokens. Descriptions of measurement procedures for stop closure, burst, and VOT durations are presented in text.
| Stimulus syllable | Annotation | Duration (ms) | VOT (ms) M (SD) | Overall dB (RMS ampl.) | Overall F0 (Hz) | Mean dB (RMS ampl.) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Bilabials | ||||||
| /ba/ | b (closure) | 96.3 | −96.3 (30.8) | 44.8 | ||
| b (burst) | 15.7 | 68.6 | ||||
| a | 296.1 | 73.2 | 165.9 | 75.9 | ||
| Total | 408.1 | |||||
| /pa/ | p (closure) | 137.3 | 38.2 | |||
| p (burst) | 19.6 | 19.6 (3.8) | 66.0 | |||
| a | 323.0 | 71.1 | 165.7 | 71.1 | ||
| Total | 479.9 | |||||
| /mba/ | m | 102.5 | 61.5 | |||
| b (closure) | 38.1 | −38.1 (13.3) | 58.0 | |||
| b (burst) | 12.0 | 67.7 | ||||
| a | 351.8 | 72.6 | 161.8 | 72.6 | ||
| Total | 504.4 | |||||
| /ɓa/ | ɓ (closure) | 32.3 | −32.3 (5.6) | 59.4 | ||
| ɓ (burst) | 6.2 | 70.1 | ||||
| a | 340.8 | 73.1 | 166.5 | 73.1 | ||
| Total | 379.3 | |||||
| Coronals | ||||||
| /da/ | d (closure) | 111.3 | −111.3 (19.4) | 51.4 | ||
| d (burst) | 13.6 | 68.8 | ||||
| a | 331.5 | 73.3 | 165.9 | 73.3 | ||
| Total | 456.4 | |||||
| /ta/ | t (closure) | 136.8 | 41.6 | |||
| t (burst) | 10.6 | 10.6 (3.6) | 68.6 | |||
| a | 294.6 | 71.1 | 162.6 | 71.1 | ||
| Total | 442.0 | |||||
| /nda/ | n | 107.5 | 62.4 | |||
| d (closure) | 25.4 | −25.4 (7.2) | 60.5 | |||
| d (burst) | 11.2 | 70.5 | ||||
| a | 331.2 | 72.1 | 173.3 | 72.1 | ||
| Total | 475.3 | |||||
| /ɗa/ | ɗ (closure) | 59.6 | −59.6 (10.3) | 53.8 | ||
| ɗ (burst) | 8.2 | 70.3 | ||||
| a | 350.8 | 72.2 | 159.6 | 72.2 | ||
| Total | 418.6 |