Table 1.
Characteristics of the 66,889 Medical School Graduates, 1998 – 2004 (with Follow-Up Through 2009) Grouped by Faculty Appointment and by Gender*
| Variable† | Total, n (% of 66,889) |
Faculty, n (% of 12,038) |
Not faculty, n (% of 54,851) |
P value | Men, n (% of 35,975) |
Women, n (% of 30,914) |
P value |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Gender | <.001 | ||||||
| Men | 35,975 (53.8) | 6,138 (51.0) | 29,837 (54.4) | N/A | N/A | ||
| Women | 30,914 (46.2) | 5,900 (49.0) | 25,014 (45.6) | N/A | N/A | ||
| Race/ethnicity | <.001 | <.001 | |||||
| White | 44,833 (67.0) | 8,269 (68.7) | 36,564 (66.7) | 25,080 (69.7) | 19,753 (63.9) | ||
| Unknown/other | 602 (0.9) | 119 (1.0) | 483 (0.9) | 352 (1.0) | 250 (0.8) | ||
| Asian/Pacific Islander | 12,302 (18.4) | 2,327 (19.3) | 9,975 (18.2) | 6,554 (18.2) | 5,748 (18.6) | ||
| Underrepresented minority | 9,152 (13.7) | 1,323 (11.0) | 7,829 (14.3) | 3,989 (11.1) | 5,163 (16.7) | ||
| Graduation year | <.001 | <.001 | |||||
| 1998 | 9,855 (14.7) | 1,908 (15.8) | 7,947 (14.5) | 5,751 (16.0) | 4,104 (13.3) | ||
| 1999 | 10,607 (15.9) | 2,224 (18.5) | 8,383 (15.3) | 5,934 (16.5) | 4,673 (15.1) | ||
| 2000 | 11,290 (16.9) | 2,351 (19.5) | 8,939 (16.3) | 6,253 (17.4) | 5,037 (16.3) | ||
| 2001 | 11,821 (17.7) | 2,280 (18.9) | 9,541 (17.4) | 6,487 (18.0) | 5,334 (17.3) | ||
| 2002 | 10,752 (16.1) | 1,720 (14.3) | 9,032 (16.5) | 5,659 (15.7) | 5,093 (16.5) | ||
| 2003 | 8,127 (12.1) | 1,128 (9.4) | 6,999 (12.8) | 3,910 (10.9) | 4,217 (13.6) | ||
| 2004 | 4,437 (6.6) | 427 (3.5) | 4,010 (7.3) | 1,981 (5.5) | 2,456 (7.9) | ||
| College laboratory research apprenticeship | <.001 | <.001 | |||||
| No | 36,819 (55.0) | 6,158 (51.2) | 30,661 (55.9) | 20,426 (56.8) | 16,393 (53.0) | ||
| Yes | 30,070 (45.0) | 5,880 (48.8) | 24,190 (44.1) | 15,549 (43.2) | 14,521 (47.0) | ||
| Extent at matriculation (into medical school) of planned career involvement in research, mean (SD) | 2.44 (0.74) | 2.55 (0.76) | 2.41 (0.74) | <.001 | 2.48 (0.76) | 2.39 (0.72) | <.001 |
| Research-intensive medical school matriculation | <.001 | <.001 | |||||
| No | 44,699 (66.8) | 7,244 (60.2) | 37,455 (68.3) | 24,497 (68.1) | 20,202 (65.3) | ||
| Yes | 22,190 (33.2) | 4,794 (39.8) | 17,396 (31.7) | 11,478 (31.9) | 10,712 (34.7) | ||
| Medical school research-elective | <.001 | <.001 | |||||
| No | 31,743 (47.5) | 4,942 (41.1) | 26,801 (48.9) | 15,595 (43.3) | 16,148 (52.2) | ||
| Yes | 35,146 (52.5) | 7,096 (58.9) | 28,050 (51.1) | 20,380 (56.7) | 14,766 (47.8) | ||
| Research paper authorship/coauthorship during medical school | <.001 | <.001 | |||||
| No | 44,810 (67.0) | 7,350 (61.1) | 37,460 (68.3) | 22,622 (62.9) | 22,188 (71.8) | ||
| Yes | 22,079 (33.0) | 4,688 (38.9) | 17,391 (31.7) | 13,353 (37.1) | 8,726 (28.2) | ||
| ≥ 1 year(s) of research during graduate medical education | <.001 | <.001 | |||||
| No | 60,920 (91.1) | 10,186 (84.6) | 50,734 (92.5) | 32,591 (90.6) | 28,329 (91.6) | ||
| Yes | 5,969 (8.9) | 1,852 (15.4) | 4,117 (7.5) | 3,384 (9.4) | 2,585 (8.4) | ||
| First-attempt U.S. Medical Licensing Examination Step l | <.001 | <.001 | |||||
| Fail | 3,290 (4.9) | 336 (2.8) | 2,954 (5.4) | 1,389 (3.9) | 1,901 (6.1) | ||
| Pass | 63,599 (95.1) | 11,702 (97.2) | 51,897 (94.6) | 34,586 (96.1) | 29,013 (93.9) | ||
| Medical school health-education elective | <.001 | <.001 | |||||
| No | 30,597 (45.7) | 5,257 (43.7) | 25,340 (46.2) | 18,138 (50.4) | 12,459 (40.3) | ||
| Yes | 36,292 (54.3) | 6,781 (56.3) | 29,511 (53.8) | 17,837 (49.6) | 18,455 (59.7) | ||
| Specialty choice | <.001 | <.001 | |||||
| Internal medicine | 5,614 (8.4) | 1,262 (10.5) | 4,352 (7.9) | 2,825 (7.9) | 2,789 (9.0) | ||
| No specialty chosen | 6,629 (9.9) | 1,034 (8.6) | 5,595 (10.2) | 2,877 (8.0) | 3,752 (12.1) | ||
| Radiology | 3,386 (5.1) | 702 (5.8) | 2,684 (4.9) | 2,491 (6.9) | 895 (2.9) | ||
| Internal medicine subspecialty | 5,215 (7.8) | 1,274 (10.6) | 3,941 (7.2) | 3,307 (9.2) | 1,908 (6.2) | ||
| Family medicine | 7,880 (11.8) | 514 (4.3) | 7,366 (13.4) | 3,828 (10.6) | 4,052 (13.1) | ||
| Pediatrics | 5,518 (8.2) | 1,119 (9.3) | 4,399 (8.0) | 1,500 (4.2) | 4,018 (13.0) | ||
| Pediatrics subspecialty | 1,701 (2.5) | 531 (4.4) | 1,170 (2.1) | 715 (2.0) | 986 (3.2) | ||
| Other specialties | 14,149 (21.2) | 2,717 (22.6) | 11,432 (20.8) | 9,269 (25.8) | 4,880 (15.8) | ||
| Surgery | 8,217 (12.3) | 1,368 (11.4) | 6,849 (12.5) | 6,471 (18.0) | 1,746 (5.6) | ||
| Dermatology | 1,529 (2.3) | 242(2.0) | 1,287 (2.3) | 563 (1.6) | 966 (3.1) | ||
| Obstetrics/gynecology | 4,588 (6.9) | 768 (6.4) | 3,820 (7.0) | 1,012 (2.8) | 3,576 (11.6) | ||
| Psychiatry | 2,463 (3.7) | 507 (4.2) | 1,956 (3.6) | 1,117 (3.1) | 1,346 (4.4) | ||
| Career intention at graduation | <.001 | <.001 | |||||
| Full-time faculty | 16,852 (25.2) | 5,084 (42.2) | 11,768 (21.5) | 9,120 (25.4) | 7,732 (25.0) | ||
| Undecided | 10,510 (15.7) | 1,953 (16.2) | 8,557 (15.6) | 5,029 (14.0) | 5,481 (17.7) | ||
| Other | 4,640 (6.9) | 560 (4.7) | 4,080 (7.4) | 2,551 (7.1) | 2,089 (6.8) | ||
| Clinical practice | 34,887 (52.2) | 4,441 (36.9) | 30,446 (55.5) | 19,275 (53.6) | 15,612 (50.5) | ||
| Total debt at graduation | <.001 | <.001 | |||||
| No debt | 10,330 (15.4) | 1,988 (16.5) | 8,342 (15.2) | 5,782 (16.1) | 4,548 (14.7) | ||
| $1 to $49,999 | 9,788 (14.6) | 1,785 (14.8) | 8,003 (14.6) | 5,333 (14.8) | 4,455 (14.4) | ||
| $50,000 to $99,999 | 19,492 (29.1) | 3,579 (29.7) | 15,913 (29.0) | 10,293 (28.6) | 9,199 (29.8) | ||
| $100,000 to $149,999 | 17,227 (25.8) | 3,001 (24.9) | 14,226 (25.9) | 9,214 (25.6) | 8,013 (25.9) | ||
| $150,000 or more | 10,052 (15.0) | 1,685 (14.0) | 8,367 (15.3) | 5,353 (14.9) | 4,699 (15.2) |
*
NA = not applicable. Some of the percentages on this table do not equal 100 due to rounding.
†
The data presented for one variable, extent at matriculation (into medical school) of planned career involvement in research, are presented as means, on a 5-point scale (0 = none, 5 = exclusively research), along with the standard deviations (SD), rather than as numbers (and percentages).