Table 1.
Cross-sectional area, muscle force and bite force estimates calculated for the individual muscles. Minimum and maximum values are given for the muscle and bite forces (for details see Materials and methods). m. PTd (alternate) refers to the measurements based on an alternative muscle arrangement as shown in Fig. 7
| Muscle | Cross-sectional area [mm2] | Muscle force (N) | Bite force, tip of snout (N) | Bite force, rostral tooth position (N) | Bite force caudal tooth position (N) | Ratio of muscle contribution (%) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| m. PTd | 124.30 | 37.29/55.94 | 3.85/5.77 | 5.16/7.74 | 7.89/11.84 | 8.86 |
| m. PTv | 404.76 | 121.43/182.15 | 12.59/18.89 | 16.89/25.34 | 25.82/38.74 | 28.99 |
| m. PSTp | 29.96 | 8.99/13.49 | 0.74/1.11 | 1.68/2.52 | 2.57/3.85 | 2.88 |
| m. PSTs | 79.45 | 23.84/44.76 | 4.56/6.83 | 6.11/9.17 | 9.34/14.02 | 10.49 |
| m. AMEP | 173.56 | 52.07/78.11 | 8.22/12.34 | 11.04/16.55 | 16.87/25.30 | 18.93 |
| m. AMEM | 170.66 | 51.20/76.80 | 4.81/7.22 | 6.46/9.69 | 9.88/14.81 | 11.09 |
| m. AMES | 184.79 | 55.48/83.22 | 5.83/8.74 | 7.82/11.73 | 11.95/17.93 | 13.41 |
| m. AMP | 77.48 | 23.24/34.86 | 2.32/3.48 | 3.11/4.67 | 4.76/7.14 | 5.34 |
| Sum | 1244.96 | 373.54/569.33 | 42.92/64.38 | 58.28/87.41 | 89.08/133.62 | |
| m. PTd (alternate) | 129.70 | 38.91/58.37 | 4.01/6.02 | 5.39/8.09 | 8.23/12.35 | – |