IL–33-induced mechanical hyperalgesia depends on TNF-α, CXCL1 and IL-1β. Mice were treated with infliximab (anti-TNF-α antibody, 10 mg·kg−1, i.p. 48 h and 60 min before stimuli injection; panels A and D), anti-CXCL1 antibody (αCXCL1, 700 ng·per paw, co-injection; panels B and E), isotype IgG control antibody (αcontrol, same treatment protocol as for infliximab or αCXCL1) or IL-1 receptor antagonist (IL-1ra, 30 mg·kg−1, i.v., 15 min) (panel C and F) before IL-33 i.pl. injection (100 ng·per paw). Mechanical hyperalgesia was measured 3h (panels A, B and C) and 5 h (panels D, E and F) after IL-33 injection. n = 6, representative of two separate experiments. *P < 0.05 compared with saline group and #P < 0.05 compared with IL-33 group.