Table 3.
Summary of the recent studies examining the relationship between poor sleep quality and measures of obesity and appetite regulation
| Author | Description | Cohort | Sleep assessment | Results |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Eun et al. [44] | Interventional study (OSA surgery); patient from sleep center with obstructive sleep apnea (Korea) | 51 M; age 26–65 years; BMI 20.9–35.8 kg/m2 | PSG | Decreased leptin levels after surgery (before 8.1 ± 7.3 vs. after 6.1 ± 5.5, <0.001) without change in BMI |
| Ursavas et al. [45] | Cross-sectional Patient from Sleep Center (Turkey) |
55 apneic patients; mean age 51.1 ± 1.2 years; mean BMI 32.5 ± 0.9 kg/m2 15 nonapneic |
PSG | Ghrelin level significantly higher in OSA group (565 ± 44 pcm/ml vs. 403 ± 90 pcm/ml) Leptin: NS |
| Bidulescu et al. [46] | Cross-sectional Data source: Cardiovascular Health Epidemiology Study (USA) |
1515 M, F African–American Age 30–65 years |
Self-reported sleep quality (Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index) | F Low sleep quality: AOR obesity 1.08 (CI 1.03–1.12) Score of Sleep disturbance: AOR obesity 1.48 (CI: 1.16–1.89) M: NS |
| Lyytikainen et al. [47•] | Prospective 5–7 years Data source: Helsinki Health Study (Finland) |
7332 M, F Age 40–60 years |
Self-reported sleep quality (Jenkins Sleep Questionnaire) | F Difficulty initiating sleep: AOR weight gain ≥5 kg; 1.65 (95% CI: 1.22–2.22) Wake up several time: AOR weight gain ≥5 kg; 1.48 (95% CI: 1.16–1.89) Trouble staying asleep AOR weight gain ≥5 kg; 1.41 (95% CI: 1.13–1.75) M: NS |
| Nordin and Kaplan [48] | Prospective 30 years Data source: Alameda County Study (USA) |
≈2700 M, F Age ≥17 years |
Self-reported sleep quality (continuity) | Consistent sleep discontinuity: 70% increase of obesity risk Both consistent sleep discontinuity and impaired sleep continuity: reduced chance for transitioning from obesity, increased risk of staying obese Improved sleep continuity: NS |
Sleep quality was self-reported or assessed by overnight polysomnography (PSG). AOR, adjusted odds ratio; CI, confidence interval; F, female; M, male; NS, not significant; OSA, obstructive sleep apnea.