Table 1.

Stents and outcomes in 27 patients with hilar cholangiocarcinoma who underwent laparotomy with a stent in situ

Patient	Bismuth grade	Initial stent	Second stent	Interval between stents, days	Operation	Interval to laparotomy, days	Outcome
1	IIIb	Plastic			L hemi + caudate + CBD + hep-jej	95	IgG-4
2	IIIa	Plastic	Plastic	50	R hemi + CBD + hep-jej	70	R1a
3		Plastic			Open-and-close	114	N/A
4	GB cancer	Plastic	Plastic	10	GB + IV/V res + CBD	28	R0
5	IIIb	Plastic			L hemi + caudate + CBD + hep-jej	66	R0
6	IIIa	Ptc – plastic int–ext			R hemi + caudate + CBD + hep-jej	6	R0
7		Plastic			Open-and-close	78	N/A
8	IIIb	Metal			L hemi + CBD + hep-jej	43	R0
9	IIIb	Plastic			L hemi + caudate + CBD + hep-jej	33	R0
10	IIIa	Metal			R tri + CBD + hep-jej	54	R1b
11		Metal			Open-and-close	44	N/A
12	IIIb	Plastic	Ptc – metal	26	L hemi + CBD + hep-jej	101	R0
13	IV	Plastic			R tri + CBD + PV + hep-jej	24	R0
14		Metal			Open-and-close	35	N/A
15		Plastic	Metal	10	Open-and-close	88	N/A
16	IIIa	Plastic	Metal	27	R tri + CBD + hep-jej	61	R0
17		Metal			Open-and-close	69	N/A
18		Plastic	Plastic	31c	Open-and-close	93	N/A
19	II	Plastic			R tri + CBD + PV + hep-jej	104	R0
20		Plastic			Open-and-close	50	N/A
21	I	Plastic	Metal	33	CBD + part PV + hep-jej	59	R0
22	IIIb	Metal			L hemi + caudate + CBD + hep-jej	55	R0
23	II	Metal			CBD + hep-jej	63	R0
24	IV	Metal			R tri + caudate + CBD + PV + hep-jej	37	R1a
25	IIIb	Metal			L hemi + caudate + CBD + hep-jej	45	R0
26	IV	Ptc – plastic int–ext			R tri + caudate + CBD + PV + hep-jej	50	R0
27	IIIb	Metal			L hemi + caudate + CBD + hep-jej	53	R0

^aR1 resection based on the intrahepatic portion of the tumour reaching the parenchymal resection plane.

^bR1 resection based on the distal resection margin of the bile duct containing tumour cells on final paraffin-embedded histology; frozen-section analysis was negative.

^cThis patient experienced a second failure at 86 days after the first (and 55 days after the second) stent and had a third plastic stent inserted.

^dGB, gallbladder; Ptc, percutaneous transhepatic cholangiography; int–ext, internal–external; L hemi, left hemihepatectomy; R hemi, right hemihepatectomy; IV/V res, segments IV/V resection; CBD, common bile duct; hep-jej, hepaticojejunostomy; PV, portal vein; R tri, right trisectionectomy; IgG4, immunoglobulin 4-related sclerosing disease; R0, microscopically margin-negative resection; R1, microscopic margin positive for tumour; N/A, not applicable.