Table 3.
Multiple Regression Models: Unadjusted and Adjusted Odds Ratios for Combat-Acquired TBI Level and Frequent Binge Drinking (N= 7,155)a
| Proportion of Frequent Binge Drinkingb of those with TBI
|
||||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Model 1 | Model 2: Adjusted for Demographics & Combat Exposure | Model 3A: Adjusted for Demographics, Combat Exposure, and PTSD | Model 3B: Adjusted for Demographics, Combat Exposure, Depression, and Suicidal Ideation | |
|
| ||||
| Unadjusted Odds Ratio (95% CI) | Adjusted Odds Ratio (AOR) (95% CI) | |||
|
| ||||
| TBI Level | ||||
| None | 1.0 | 1.0 | 1.0 | 1.0 |
| Altered Consciousness | 2.25 (1.80–2.80)*** | 1.61 (1.29–2.01)*** | 1.48 (1.18–1.84)*** | 1.58 (1.27–1.95)*** |
| LOC < 1 minute | 2.45 (1.80–3.32)*** | 1.48 (1.01–2.17)* | 1.18 (.77–1.80) | 1.37 (.93 – 2.02) |
| LOC 1+ minutes | 3.72 (2.45–5.66)*** | 2.30 (1.40–3.75)*** | 1.67 (1.00–2.79)* | 1.97 (1.17–3.29)* |
|
| ||||
| Gender | ||||
| Female (ref.) | 1.0 | 1.0 | 1.0 | |
| Male | 2.15 (1.83–2.53)*** | 2.24 (1.90–2.64)*** | 2.17 (1.85–2.55)*** | |
| Service Branch | ||||
| Army (ref.) | 1.0 | 1.0 | 1.0 | |
| Navy | .98 (.76–1.28) | .97 (.75–1.25) | .94 (.73–1.20) | |
| Marine Corps | 1.04 (.82–1.31) | 1.01 (.79–1.28) | 1.01 (.80–1.27) | |
| Air Force | .67 (.50–.90)** | .70 (.52–.94)* | .69 (.51–.94)* | |
| Coast Guard | .96 (.62–1.47) | .96 (.63–1.48) | .98 (.64–1.50) | |
| Race/Ethnicity | ||||
| White, non Hispanic (ref.) | 1.0 | 1.0 | 1.0 | |
| Black, non Hispanic | .59 (.51–.69)*** | .60 (.51–.70)*** | .58 (.50–.67)*** | |
| Hispanic | .87 (.75–1.01) | .86 (.74–1.00) | .82 (.70–.97)* | |
| Other | .66 (.53–.82)*** | .64 (.51–.80)*** | .61 (.49–.77)*** | |
| Marital Status | ||||
| Never Married (ref.) | 1.0 | 1.0 | 1.0 | |
| Married/living as married | .49 (.41–.59)*** | .49 (.42–.58)*** | .50 (.42–.59)*** | |
| Divorced/separated | .89 (.72–1.08) | .90 (.73–1.09) | .87 (.72–1.06) | |
| Widowed | 2.64 (.76–9.12) | 2.17 (.69–6.80) | 2.16 (.76–6.10) | |
| Pay Grade | ||||
| E1–E6 (ref.) | 1.0 | 1.0 | 1.0 | |
| E7–E9 | .50 (.39–.64)*** | .53 (.42–.68)*** | .52 (.41–.67)*** | |
| W1–W5 | .38 (.16–.91)* | .41 (.18–.95)* | .41 (.18–.97)* | |
| O1–O10 | .39 (.29–.52)*** | .42 (.31–.56)*** | .42 (.31–.56)*** | |
| Lifetime Combat Exposure | ||||
| None (ref.) | 1.0 | 1.0 | 1.0 | |
| Moderate | .93 (.75–.1.14) | .93 (.75–1.15) | .89 (.72–1.10) | |
| High | 1.41 (1.11–1.78)** | 1.31 (1.03–1.68)* | 1.32 (1.03–1.69)* | |
|
| ||||
| PTSD positive screen, past month | 2.22 (1.84–2.67)*** | |||
|
| ||||
| Positive depression screen, past year | 1.53 (1.30–1.81)*** | |||
| Suicidal ideation, past year | 1.65 (1.07–2.56)* | |||
Abbreviations: AOR, adjusted odds ratio; CI, confidence interval; LOC, loss of consciousness; ref., reference group; E, enlisted; W, Warrant Officer, O, Officer.
a
Some participants did not complete all relevant questions.
***
Results were significant at the p≤.001
**
Results were significant at the p≤.01
*
Results were significant at the p≤.05 level
The p-value was calculated with the use of a design-based F test.
b
Frequent binge drinking is defined as binge drinking (drinking 5 or more drinks on one occasion for men or 4 for women