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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2013 Apr 23.
Published in final edited form as: J Head Trauma Rehabil. 2012 Sep-Oct;27(5):349–360. doi: 10.1097/HTR.0b013e318268db94

Table 3.

Multiple Regression Models: Unadjusted and Adjusted Odds Ratios for Combat-Acquired TBI Level and Frequent Binge Drinking (N= 7,155)a

Proportion of Frequent Binge Drinkingb of those with TBI
Model 1 Model 2: Adjusted for Demographics & Combat Exposure Model 3A: Adjusted for Demographics, Combat Exposure, and PTSD Model 3B: Adjusted for Demographics, Combat Exposure, Depression, and Suicidal Ideation

Unadjusted Odds Ratio (95% CI) Adjusted Odds Ratio (AOR) (95% CI)

TBI Level
 None 1.0 1.0 1.0 1.0
 Altered Consciousness 2.25 (1.80–2.80)*** 1.61 (1.29–2.01)*** 1.48 (1.18–1.84)*** 1.58 (1.27–1.95)***
 LOC < 1 minute 2.45 (1.80–3.32)*** 1.48 (1.01–2.17)* 1.18 (.77–1.80) 1.37 (.93 – 2.02)
 LOC 1+ minutes 3.72 (2.45–5.66)*** 2.30 (1.40–3.75)*** 1.67 (1.00–2.79)* 1.97 (1.17–3.29)*

Gender
 Female (ref.) 1.0 1.0 1.0
 Male 2.15 (1.83–2.53)*** 2.24 (1.90–2.64)*** 2.17 (1.85–2.55)***
Service Branch
 Army (ref.) 1.0 1.0 1.0
 Navy .98 (.76–1.28) .97 (.75–1.25) .94 (.73–1.20)
 Marine Corps 1.04 (.82–1.31) 1.01 (.79–1.28) 1.01 (.80–1.27)
 Air Force .67 (.50–.90)** .70 (.52–.94)* .69 (.51–.94)*
 Coast Guard .96 (.62–1.47) .96 (.63–1.48) .98 (.64–1.50)
Race/Ethnicity
 White, non Hispanic (ref.) 1.0 1.0 1.0
 Black, non Hispanic .59 (.51–.69)*** .60 (.51–.70)*** .58 (.50–.67)***
 Hispanic .87 (.75–1.01) .86 (.74–1.00) .82 (.70–.97)*
 Other .66 (.53–.82)*** .64 (.51–.80)*** .61 (.49–.77)***
Marital Status
 Never Married (ref.) 1.0 1.0 1.0
 Married/living as married .49 (.41–.59)*** .49 (.42–.58)*** .50 (.42–.59)***
 Divorced/separated .89 (.72–1.08) .90 (.73–1.09) .87 (.72–1.06)
 Widowed 2.64 (.76–9.12) 2.17 (.69–6.80) 2.16 (.76–6.10)
Pay Grade
 E1–E6 (ref.) 1.0 1.0 1.0
 E7–E9 .50 (.39–.64)*** .53 (.42–.68)*** .52 (.41–.67)***
 W1–W5 .38 (.16–.91)* .41 (.18–.95)* .41 (.18–.97)*
 O1–O10 .39 (.29–.52)*** .42 (.31–.56)*** .42 (.31–.56)***
Lifetime Combat Exposure
 None (ref.) 1.0 1.0 1.0
 Moderate .93 (.75–.1.14) .93 (.75–1.15) .89 (.72–1.10)
 High 1.41 (1.11–1.78)** 1.31 (1.03–1.68)* 1.32 (1.03–1.69)*

PTSD positive screen, past month 2.22 (1.84–2.67)***

Positive depression screen, past year 1.53 (1.30–1.81)***
Suicidal ideation, past year 1.65 (1.07–2.56)*

Abbreviations: AOR, adjusted odds ratio; CI, confidence interval; LOC, loss of consciousness; ref., reference group; E, enlisted; W, Warrant Officer, O, Officer.

a

Some participants did not complete all relevant questions.

***

Results were significant at the p≤.001

**

Results were significant at the p≤.01

*

Results were significant at the p≤.05 level

The p-value was calculated with the use of a design-based F test.

b

Frequent binge drinking is defined as binge drinking (drinking 5 or more drinks on one occasion for men or 4 for women