Table 2.

Risk factors of undiagnosed diabetes: Final regression model in the development dataset, NHANES 1999–2004 (N = 5,258, AUC=0.79)

Risk factor	Odds Ratio (95% CI)	P-value	Log (Odds Ratio)	Score assigned
Age in years
<40	reference	---	---	0
40–49	2.6 (1.3–5.0)	0.004	0.95	1
50–59	4.8 (2.2–10.6)	0.0001	1.57	2
≥60	8.1 (3.9–16.9)	<0.0001	2.09	3
Sex
Female	reference	---	---	0
Male	2.6 (1.8–3.7)	<0.0001	0.96	1
Family history of diabetes
No	reference	---	---	0
Yes	2.0 (1.5–2.6)	< 0.0001	0.67	1
History of hypertension
No	reference	---	---	0
Yes	1.9 (1.2–2.9)	0.004	0.64	1
Obesity*
Not overweight or obese	reference	---	---	0
Overweight	1.3 (0.6–2.8)	0.47	0.27	1
Obese	3.1 (1.6–5.8)	0.0006	1.12	2
Extremely obese	7.3 (4.0–13.4)	<0.0001	1.99	3
Physically active?
No	reference	---	---	0
Yes	0.7 (0.5–1.0)	0.06	−0.34	−1

^*if (BMI≥40 kg/m²) or (waist≥50 inches for male) or (waist≥49 inches for female) then extremely obese;

else if (30≤BMI<40) or (40≤waist<50 for male) or (35≤waist<49 for female) then obese;

else if (25≤BMI<30) or (37≤waist<40 for male) or 31.5≤waist<35 for female) then overweight;

else not overweight or obese.

See Figure 2 for user-friendly questionnaire and BMI chart.

AUC = area under the receiver-operating-characteristic curve; BMI = body mass index; NHANES = National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey.