Table 1.
Potential biomarkers which have been shown to be associated with mortality in prospective studies of different age categories and their association with familial longevity in middle age
| Parameter | Effect on mortality | Reference | Effect on familial longevity | Reference |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Ankle-arm index | >65 years | 66 | No | 7 |
| Blood pressure (diastolic) | >55 years/>90 years | 65, 69, 70 | No | 7 |
| Blood pressure (systolic) | >55 years/>90 years | 65, 66, 69, 70 | No | 7 |
| Body mass index | >55 years/>90 years | 69, 70 | No | 7, 77 |
| Cholesterol (high-density lipoprotein) | >85 years | 65, 69, 70 | No | 7, 71, 77 |
| Cholesterol (total) | >55 years/>90 years | 65, 69, 70 | No | 7, 71, 77 |
| Cortisol | >85 years | 65 | Yes | 73 |
| C-reactive protein | >55 years | 65, 66, 70 | No | 76 |
| Creatinine | >55 years/>65 years | 65, 66, 70 | No | 7, 78 |
| Digit symbol substitution test score | >65 years | 66 | Yes | 7 |
| Fasting glucose | >65 years | 65, 66 | Yes | 7, 74 |
| Forced vital capacity | >65 years | 66 | No | 7 |
| Free triiodothyronine levels | >85 years | 65 | Yes | 75 |
| Gait speed | >65 years | 68 | Yes | 7 |
| Grip strength | >92 years | 65, 67 | No | 7, 72 |
| Instrumental activities of daily living impairment | >65 years | 66, 70 | No | 7 |