Fig. 3.

Expression and secretion of VEGFA by cultured human airway basal cells. a Immunohistochemical staining of VEGFA in human airway basal cells (bar = 10 μm). b VEGFA secretion by human airway basal cells. VEGFA levels assessed by ELISA in basal media, growth media, and growth media from basal cell cultures (n = 9). c VEGFA secretion by human airway basal cells during air–liquid interface culture (ALI). VEGFA levels assessed by ELISA in ALI media, and ALI media exclusively exposed to the apical surface (upper chamber) or basolateral surface (lower chamber) of basal cells during ALI culture (n = 3)