Table 5.
Genetic Correlations among Learning and Literacy Variables
| 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | 7 | 8 | 9 | 10 | 11 | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1. WRAML Story memory | |||||||||||
| 2. WRAML Sound-symbol | .50 | ||||||||||
| 3. Nonword repetition | .58 | .63 | |||||||||
| 4. WPPSI Sentence memory | .58 | .45 | .73 | ||||||||
| 5. Hundred pictures | .79 | .60 | .45 | .60 | |||||||
| 6. WPPSI Vocabulary | .97 | .47 | .52 | .68 | .84 | ||||||
| 7. Boston Naming | .56 | .35 | .29 | .55 | .81 | .64 | |||||
| 8. Letter identification | .18 | .58 | .21 | .18 | .54 | .17 | .65 | ||||
| 9. Orthographic learning | .33 | .63 | .23 | .22 | .54 | .31 | .37 | .80 | |||
| 10. TOWRE SWE | .36 | .55 | .16 | .37 | .37 | .38 | .32 | .59 | .78 | ||
| 11. TOWRE PDE | .27 | .44 | .19 | .41 | .38 | .30 | .36 | .67 | .84 | .94 |
Note. WRAML = Wide Range Assessment of Memory and Learning; TOWRE SWE= Test of Word Reading Efficiency, Sight Word Efficiency; TOWRE PDE= Test of Word Reading Efficiency, Phonemic Decoding Efficiency; WPPSI = Wechsler Preschool and Primary Scale of Intelligence.