Table 1.
Basic demographic characteristics by participant group (typical language developers, TLD versus language-learning impaired, LLI) during children’s first visit to the laboratory.
| TLD (n = 12) | LLI (n = 21) | t-value | p-value | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Age (years) | 8.24 (0.92) | 8.04 (0.95) | 0.58 | < .569 |
| Birth Weight (grams)a | 3364.25 (608.23) | 3458.05 (832.65) | −0.34 | < .738 |
| Gestational Age (weeks)a | 39.83 (0.58) | 39.15 (3.13) | 0.74 | < .464 |
| Familial SESb | 57.88 (6.66) | 52.43 (9.42) | 1.76 | < .088 |
| Maternal Age (years) | 39.92 (3.55) | 42.19 (3.56) | −1.77 | < .088 |
| Maternal Education Levelc | 6.25 (0.62) | 5.90 (0.83) | 1.25 | < .221 |
Note. Means (standard deviations) are shown; all p-values are 2-tailed and non-significant.
Information unknown in one LLI participant.
Familial socioeconomic status (SES) is based on the Hollingshead Four Factor Index of Social Status (Hollingshead, 1975). A mean score of 57.88 falls within the social stratum of major professional (55–66), while 52.43 corresponds to the minor professional category (40–54).
Maternal education level ranging from 1 to 7 according to the Hollingshead criteria. A value of 5 represents partial college, while 6 indicates college/university graduation.