Table I.
Induction of cytokines, chemokines, M2 markers, and negative regulators by LPS in naïve vs. tolerized macrophages and the effect of IL-4 pre-treatment on LPS signaling (Pretreatment = 24 h/Challenge = 3 h)
| M/M | M/L | L/M | L/L | IL-4/L | L/IL-4 | M/IL-4 | IL-4/M | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Cytokines | TNF-α | − | +++ | +/− | + | +++ | − | − | − |
| IL-1β | − | +++ | +/− | + | +++ | − | − | − | |
| IL-6 | − | +++ | +/− | + | +++ | − | − | − | |
| Chemokines | CCL2 | − | +++ | +/− | + | +++ | + | − | − |
| CCL17 | − | +++ | +/− | +/− | ++++ | + | − | ++ | |
| CCL22 | − | +++ | +/− | +/− | ++++ | + | − | ++ | |
| M2 markers | Arg1 | − | − | − | − | +++ | + | + | +++ |
| MR | − | − | − | − | +++ | + | + | +++ | |
| Negative regulators | IRAK-M | − | ++ | ++ | +++ | ++ | ++ | − | − |
| A20 | − | +++ | +/− | + | +++ | − | − | − | |
| I-κBα* | +++ | − | +++ | +++ | − | +++ | +++ | +++ | |
| RelB* | − | − | +++ | +++ | − | +++ | − | − | |
−, no induction; +/−, mild/no induction; +, mild induction; ++, moderate induction; +++, high induction; ++++, very high induction; *, protein expression.