Table 3.
Associations of blood transfusions with cancer risk, overall and for specific sites and subtypes
| Total2 | OR1 (95% CI)
|
|||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 0–12 months | 13–30 months | 31–48 months | ||
| All cancers | 552 951 | 2.05 (1.95–2.16) 3 | 1.04 (0.99–1.09) | 1.05 (1.00–1.11) |
| Oral Cavity and Pharynx | 8 897 | 1.38 (0.77–2.49) | 1.44 (1.04–1.98) | 1.18 (0.83–1.68) |
| Lip | 1 119 | 1.06 (0.54–2.10) | 1.33 (0.85–2.08) | 1.13 (0.67–1.90) |
| Tongue | 2 042 | 1.29 (0.72–2.30) | 1.58 (1.11–2.25) | 1.32 (0.87–1.98) |
| Salivary Gland | 1 262 | 1.54 (0.84–2.85) | 1.37 (0.90–2.08) | 0.82 (0.48–1.41) |
| Mouth | 2 418 | 1.55 (0.89–2.72) | 1.38 (0.97–1.95) | 1.27 (0.85–1.90) |
| Pharynx | 2 056 | 1.34 (0.75–2.39) | 1.49 (1.03–2.15) | 1.19 (0.77–1.84) |
| Digestive System | 125 386 | 3.14 (1.97–4.99) 3 | 1.08 (0.85–1.38) | 1.04 (0.80–1.35) |
| Esophagus | 5 581 | 1.78 (1.06–2.99) | 1.30 (0.96–1.77) | 1.40 (1.00–1.96) |
| Stomach | 10 961 | 3.92 (2.46–6.25) 3 | 1.16 (0.88–1.55) | 1.29 (0.94–1.76) |
| Colon | 58 480 | 3.73 (2.46–5.65) 3 | 1.11 (0.88–1.38) | 0.95 (0.73–1.22) |
| Rectum | 17 608 | 2.00 (1.24–3.22) | 0.72 (0.54–0.95) | 0.86 (0.63–1.16) |
| Anus | 1 281 | 1.79 (0.98–3.25) | 0.75 (0.45–1.24) | 1.33 (0.83–2.14) |
| Liver | 5 039 | 3.29 (2.01–5.40) 3 | 1.72 (1.27–2.32) 3 | 1.65 (1.18–2.31) |
| Pancreas | 17 114 | 2.16 (1.34–3.47) | 0.95 (0.73–1.24) | 1.03 (0.77–1.39) |
| Respiratory System | 92 639 | 1.71 (1.04–2.79) | 1.18 (0.92–1.52) | 1.24 (0.95–1.62) |
| Lung | 88 275 | 1.72 (1.13–2.64) | 1.17 (0.95–1.45) | 1.24 (0.98–1.57) |
| Bones and Joints | 396 | 1.26 (0.52–3.09) | 1.27 (0.64–2.52) | 1.00 (0.44–2.29) |
| Soft Tissue | 2 504 | 1.99 (1.07–3.70) | 0.94 (0.62–1.42) | 0.99 (0.63–1.55) |
| Skin excluding Basal and Squamous | 16 520 | 1.05 (0.59–1.87) | 0.96 (0.70–1.30) | 1.04 (0.75–1.45) |
| Melanoma | 14 259 | 1.04 (0.62–1.72) | 0.91 (0.69–1.19) | 1.03 (0.76–1.39) |
| Breast 4 | 64 701 | 0.94 (0.36–2.46) | 0.83 (0.52–1.33) | 0.93 (0.54–1.59) |
| Female Genital System | 24 812 | 1.53 (0.57–4.14) | 0.89 (0.53–1.49) | 0.97 (0.54–1.75) |
| Cervix | 1 727 | 1.69 (0.61–4.68) | 1.29 (0.73–2.28) | 1.30 (0.66–2.53) |
| Uterus | 12 210 | 1.15 (0.44–3.02) | 0.81 (0.49–1.32) | 0.88 (0.50–1.56) |
| Ovary | 7 940 | 1.96 (0.75–5.14) | 0.83 (0.49–1.38) | 0.96 (0.53–1.74) |
| Vagina/Vulva | 2 221 | 1.52 (0.55–4.24) | 1.17 (0.67–2.03) | 1.28 (0.67–2.43) |
| Male Genital System | 91 147 | 0.89 (0.36–2.22) | 0.80 (0.48–1.36) | 0.81 (0.47–1.40) |
| Prostate | 90 546 | 0.89 (0.40–1.96) | 0.81 (0.51–1.27) | 0.81 (0.50–1.32) |
| Urinary System | 45 343 | 1.79 (1.06–3.00) | 1.05 (0.80–1.39) | 1.09 (0.81–1.47) |
| Urinary Bladder | 31 799 | 1.53 (0.96–2.44) | 1.05 (0.82–1.34) | 1.10 (0.84–1.45) |
| Kidney, Renal Pelvis, and Ureter | 13 166 | 2.42 (1.50–3.92) 3 | 1.04 (0.78–1.37) | 1.07 (0.79–1.46) |
| Eye and Orbit | 728 | 0.74 (0.3–1.79) | 0.79 (0.42–1.52) | 1.03 (0.53–1.98) |
| Brain and Other Nervous System | 4 824 | 1.08 (0.58–2.00) | 0.95 (0.66–1.37) | 0.83 (0.55–1.24) |
| Endocrine System | 3 236 | 1.24 (0.67–2.32) | 0.70 (0.46–1.06) | 0.85 (0.55–1.33) |
| Thyroid | 2 871 | 1.12 (0.63–1.97) | 0.68 (0.45–1.01) | 0.81 (0.53–1.25) |
| Lymphoma | 29 991 | 2.41 (1.43–4.08) | 0.96 (0.71–1.29) | 1.09 (0.79–1.49) |
| Hodgkin Lymphoma | 909 | 3.14 (1.75–5.62) 3 | 1.05 (0.63–1.74) | 0.96 (0.54–1.73) |
| NHL, including CLL5 | 29 082 | 2.38 (1.51–3.76) 3 | 0.95 (0.74–1.22) | 1.09 (0.82–1.43) |
| Myeloma | 7 792 | 4.71 (2.72–8.16) 3 | 1.15 (0.81–1.64) | 1.08 (0.74–1.59) |
| Leukemia | 8 863 | 6.51 (3.81–11.13) 3 | 1.66 (1.19–2.32) | 1.38 (0.95–1.99) |
| Mesothelioma | 1 703 | 1.83 (0.95–3.52) | 0.87 (0.54–1.39) | 1.08 (0.66–1.78) |
| Kaposi Sarcoma | 293 | 3.22 (1.51–6.86) | 1.60 (0.83–3.09) | 0.64 (0.21–1.88) |
Results in boldfaced font are significant at the alpha=0.05 level
The OR for overall cancer risk is adjusted for sex, age, race, selection year and any condition as categorical variables. The ORs for the site specific cancer groups like digestive system are adjusted for sex, age, race and any condition as categorical variables and selection year as continuous variable. The ORs for subtypes of the site specific cancer groups are adjusted for sex and race as categorical variables and age, selection year and any condition as continuous variables.
The number of cases may not add up to the totals for cancer specific sites and for cancer overall because miscellaneous cancers were excluded.
Association is significant at p<0.0004 (Bonferroni correction for all 129 comparisons, 43 sites for 3 time periods).
Women only (537 males are excluded from analysis).
CLL = chronic lymphocytic leukemia