Fig. 1.

Effects of clenbuterol treatment and exercise on the phosphorylation of p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) in skeletal muscles. Total protein was extracted from isolated soleus and TA muscles of mice at 1, 4, and 24 h after clenbuterol treatment (1.0 mg/kg body weight) (a) and at 1 (just after exercise), 4, and 24 h after exercise on a treadmill for 1 h (18 m/min) (b), and then subjected to western blot analysis. Quantified values of western blot analysis are shown in each bar graph. The phosphorylation level of p38 MAPK was normalized to the abundance of p38 MAPK. Actin protein was used as a control for loading. The values shown in the bar graphs are relative to the optical density in control mice (set = 1). Values: mean ± SEM (n = 4). *P < 0.05 and ***P < 0.001 (vs. control mice)