Table 5.

Multivariable regression analyses on the effects of emotional distress on the number and severity of reported AF symptoms during the AF episode.

	During AF episode (n = 118)
	Number of AF symptoms			Frequency of AF symptoms
	β	P	R2	β	P	R2
MODEL 1
All covariates*			0.11			0.07
CAD	0.22	0.04		0.25	0.03
Physical activity	0.18	0.09
MODEL 2
+Depression, anxiety & perceived stress*			0.44			0.32
CAD	0.18	0.051		0.20	0.046
Physical activity	0.22	0.02
Depression	0.45	<0.0005		0.54	<0.0005
State anxiety	0.04	0.74		0.005	0.97
Perceived stress	0.07	0.59		−0.01	0.93

*Covariates in the model: presence of cardiovascular disease (CAD, CHF), BMI, age, gender, and physical activity. Only significant (or trend) covariates are shown in step 1.

Bold faced: significant (p < 0.05) relations in the model.