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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2014 May 1.
Published in final edited form as: Schizophr Res. 2013 Mar 16;146(0):336–343. doi: 10.1016/j.schres.2013.02.028

Table 1.

Demographic and Clinical Characteristics of Subjects

Mean (SD) [Range]
Patients with
Schizophrenia		 Healthy
Controls		 t-test
(N = 18) (N = 18) T df1 p
Age (year) 44.0 (10.3) 36.9 (12.0) 1.9 34 .06
Handednessa 0.67 (0.3) 0.74 (0.2) −0.8 34 .43
SESb 3.2 (1.2) 2.0 (0.7) 3.2 33 .002**
Parental SES 2.5 (1.1) 2.2 (1.1) 0.9 32 .36
Educationc 13.3 (1.4) 15.3 (1.3) −4.4 34 <.001**
MMSE 28.2 (1.9) 29.2 (1.0) −1.89 32 .07
PANSS total score 80.4 (23.6) NA NA NA NA
Medication dosage† (CPZ equiv.) 414.2 (267.3) NA NA NA NA
*

p < .05,

**

p < .01

Abbreviations: SES, Socioeconomic Status; CPZ equiv., chlorpromazine equivalent; MMSE, Mini-Mental Examination; PANSS, The Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale; NA, data not applicable.

1

The dfs differ among variables owing to unavailability of data for some participants.

a

Handedness was evaluated using the Edinburgh Handedness Inventory: (right hand − left hand) × 100/(right hand + left hand), and right-handedness is above 0.

b

Higher numbers represent lower socioeconomic status, based on the Hollingshead two-factor index of SES; schizophrenia patients showed a significantly lower SES than healthy controls.

c

Patients with schizophrenia had significantly less years of education than did healthy controls.