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Effect of cyclooxygenase (COX) inhibitors on bone formation.
| Cox inhibitors | Physiological effects | Pathological effects | References |
|---|---|---|---|
| NSAIDS Ibuprofen Indomethacin | Inhibit fracture healing | [221–223] | |
| Indomethacin | Decrease TNAP activity | [222] | |
| NSAIDS | Decrease heterotopic calcification | [224–226] | |
| Keterolac | Decrease in spinal fusion | [228] | |
| COX-2 inhibitor | Decrease pain in RA | [231,241] |
