Figure 4. Linking genotype to phenotype through gene networks and tissue mechanics.

A, cell behaviour is characterized by a combination of parameters for gene network properties and cellular properties. B, tissue morphology emerges from a model where the mesenchyme is a three-dimensional space in which molecules and mechanical stresses diffuse (mesh connects cell centres; colour indicates the diffusing inhibitor). C, the developing tooth shape at regular time intervals, starting from seven cells representing the tip of the oral epithelium invagination, where A–D in the last panel identify seal tooth cusps. From Salazar-Ciudad & Jernvall (2010) with permission.