Figure 8.

Examples of complex multiphase flows; (A–C) Corrugated interfaces (reprinted from [145]) and (D–F) transient flows (reprinted with permission from [146]). (A) Schematic of the experimental setup for the formation of double emulsions, (B) generation of uniform double emulsion droplets, where the inner, middle and outer fluids are water, 10 % Span 80 in dodecane and water, respectively (γ between middle and outer fluids is 2.7 ± 0.2 mN/m). (C) Formation of corrugations when the interfacial tension between the middle and outer phases is significantly reduced, where the inner, middle and outer fluids are water, 2 % Span 80 in dodecane and water with 4 mM SDS, respectively (γ between middle and outer fluids is 30 ± 4 µN/m). Scale bars represent 100 µm. (D) Schematic of transient flow generation. (E) Optical microscopy images of transient liquid flow, where the inner, middle and outer fluids are dyed water, a polymerizable 4-hydroxybutyl acrylate solution and 25 % poly(vinyl alcohol) in water, respectively. (F) Solidified fiber containing liquid core droplets.