FIG 2 .

The nonmetric multidimensional scaling (nMDS) ordination plots enable the visualization of individuals’ microbiota over time. In nMDS plots, each data point represents an individual’s microbiota at one time point. The centroids and 95% confidence ellipses for each study group are as shown. Here, the coronal sulcus microbiota in men that remained uncircumcised showed minor variations from enrollment (in blue) to year-1 (in orange) (Fig. 2A). In contrast, significant shifts were seen in the circumcised men (Fig. 2B).