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. 2013 Apr 24;8(4):e62186. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0062186

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© 2013 Lehman, Stanley

This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are properly credited.

PMC Copyright notice

The average evolvability of organisms in the population over evolutionary time is shown, which is itself averaged over 50 independent simulations that lasted 50,000 evaluations each. Note that evolvability of an organism is measured as the average number of different behaviors generated through 300 random mutations. The main result is that niching based on behavior significantly increases evolvability over a control that randomly assigns niches independently of an organism's behavior ( for all comparisons after 2,500 evaluations; Student's t-test).

Inline graphic — The average evolvability of organisms in the population over evolutionary time is shown, which is itself averaged over 50 independent simulations that lasted 50,000 evaluations each. Note that evolvability of an organism is measured as the average number of different behaviors generated through 300 random mutations. The main result is that niching based on behavior significantly increases evolvability over a control that randomly assigns niches independently of an organism's behavior ( for all comparisons after 2,500 evaluations; Student's t-test).