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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2013 Nov 1.
Published in final edited form as: Photonics Lasers Med. 2012 Nov 8;1(4):267–286. doi: 10.1515/plm-2012-0032

Table 1.

LLLT and exercise: experimental models.

References LLLT parameters Muscle(s) Exercise Application mode
Light source/wavelength Diode area (cm2) Performance characteristics
[18] Laser 655 nm 0.08

  • 2.5 mW; 31.25 mW/cm2

  • 1 application point

  • Groups: 0.5 J/cm2 (32 s)/1 J/cm2 (80 s)/2.5 J/cm2 (160 s)

 Tibialis anterior Neuromuscular electric stimulation Contact, before exercise
[19] Laser 780 nm 0.039

  • 15 mW; 37.5 mW/cm2

  • 0.15 J per diode (10 s); 3.8 J/cm2

  • 4 application points: total energy of 0.6 J (1 point on femoral quadriceps, 1 point on gluteus maximum, 1 point on tibialis anterior, 1 point on soleus)

 Femoral quadriceps, gluteus maximum, tibialis anterior, soleus Running on treadmill Contact, after exercise
[20] Laser 904 nm 0.2

  • 15 mW, 75 mW/cm2

  • 1 application point

  • Groups: 0.1 J (7 s)/0.3 J (20 s)/1 J (67 s)/3 J (200 s)

 Tibialis anterior Neuromuscular electric stimulation Contact, before exercise
[21] Laser 632 nm 0.2 Groups:

  • 12 J/cm2, 4 mW, 20 mW/cm2, 10 min;

  • 28 J/cm2, 9 mW, 46 mW/cm2, 10 min;

  • 43 J/cm2, 14 mW, 71 mW/cm2, 10 min

 Gastrocnemius Downhill running on treadmill Contact, after exercise
[22] Laser 660 nm 0.03

  • 100 mW; 3.3 mW/cm2

  • 4 J per diode (40 s); 133.3 J/cm2

  • 1 application point

 Gastrocnemius Swimming with load Contact, after exercise
[23] Laser 904 nm 0.2

  • 15 mW; 75 mW/cm2

  • 1 application point

  • Groups: 0.1 J (7 s)/0.3 J (20 s)/1 J (67 s)/3 J (200 s)

 Tibialis anterior Neuromuscular electric stimulation Contact, before exercise