Table 4. Respiratory challenges with Congo Basin strains in Macaca fascicularis and Macaca mulatta.
| Route | Species | Dose (PFU) |
Fever onset (duration) |
Weight loss |
Lesion onset (maximum lesion count) |
Mortality (days of death or euthanasia) |
Blood vDNA detected (duration of detection) |
Oral vDNA detected (duration of detection) |
Infectious virus from oral swabs (duration of detection) |
Ref. |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Aerosol | MF | 105 EIU | Day 5–8 | Day 9–10 | 2/4 | [52] | ||||
| Aerosol MF | 104–105 | Day 6–7 | Day 6–7 | 15/15 (9–17) | [53] | |||||
| Aerosol | MF | 104 | Day 5 (4 days) | No sig† | Day 6–8 | 2/3 (10, 11) | Day 6 (to day 22) | Day 6 (to day 23) | [54] | |
| Aerosol | MF | 105 | Day 4 (5 days) | No sig† | Day 6–8 | 4/6 (8, 9, 10, 10) | Day 6 (to day 22) | Day 8 (to >day 26) | [54] | |
| Aerosol | MF | 4 × 105 | Day 3 (5 days) | No sig† | Day 6–8 | 5/6 (11, 10, 10, 9, 8) | Day 4 (to day 20) | Day 6 (to >day 26) | [54] | |
| Aerosol | MF | 106 | Day 4 (5 days) | No sig† | Day 6–8 | 2/3 (8, 9) | Day 4 (to day 14) | Day 6 (to day 18) | [54] | |
| BMAD | MF | 3 × 106 | Day 4 (4–8 days) |
10–15% | Day 8 (304) | 1/3 (12) | Day 4 (to day 20) | [24] | ||
| BMAD | MF | 8 × 106 | Day 4 (until death) |
>10% | Day 6 (550) | 2/2 (12, 16‡) | Day 2 (until death) | [24] | ||
| BMAD | MF | 3 × 107 | Day 4–6 (<2 days) |
~10% | Day 4–10 (350) | 2/3 (8, 8) | Day 2–4 (8–17 days) | [24] | ||
| ib. | MF | 104 | Day 6 (10 days) | Day 8 (170) | 0/3 | Day 5 (17 days) | [55] | |||
| MF | 105 | Day 7 (7 days) | Day 9 (237) | 1/6 (9) | Day 5 (12 days) | Day 7 | [55] | |||
| MF | 106 | Day 5 (9 days) | Day 8 (288) | 2/3 (9, 12) | Day 3 (17 days) | Day 7 | [55] | |||
| ib. | MM | 105 | Day 7–12 | 0/4 | Day 4–14 (~10 days) | [56] | ||||
| it. | MF | 106 | Day 6 (5 days) | Day 11 (>100) | 0/3 | Day 6 (13 days) | Day 4 (23 days) | Day 4 (23 days) | [58] | |
| it. | 107 | Day 5 (until death) |
Day 8–10 (>100) | 3/3 (15, 19, 19) | Day 4 (until death) | Day 4 (until death) | Day 4 (until death) | [58] | ||
| it. | MF | 107 | Day 9 (>100) | 6/6 (9, 9, 11, 11, 15, 15) |
Day 5 (until death) | [59] | ||||
| in. | MF | 106 | None | ~10% | Day 7–9 (178)§ | 0/2 | Day 3–7 (10–20 days) | [32] |
†
No significant changes over time; however, survivors were noted to be approximately 20% heavier than nonsurvivors at the start of the study.
‡
A third animal died on day 22 but is thought to have died from secondary bacterial infection and has therefore been excluded.
§
One animal had 178 lesions and the other had one lesion.
BMAD: Bronchoscope-microsprayer aerosol delivery; EIU: Egg infectious unit; ib.: Intrabronchial; in: Intranasal; it: Intratracheal; MF: Macaca fascicularis; MM: Macaca mulatta; Sig: Significant; vDNA: Viral DNA.