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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2013 Apr 25.
Published in final edited form as: J Neurochem. 2010 Dec 1;117(2):187–196. doi: 10.1111/j.1471-4159.2010.07103.x

Fig. 3.

Fig. 3

Cytokine mRNA changes further suggest TNF-α involvement in cold pre-conditioning neuroprotective signaling. (a) Cold pre-conditioning (CP) at 30°C for 90 min with 2 h recovery triggered significantly (p < 0.001) increased relative TNF-α mRNA expression compared to control. Cold pre-conditioning plus blockade of TNF-α signaling by inclusion of sTNFR1 (CP + sTNFR1) returned relative TNF-α mRNA expression to a non-significant difference (n = 3/group). (b) Cold preconditioning at 30°C for 90 min with 2 h recovery also triggered a significant (p = 0.01) increase in relative IL-1β mRNA expression compared to control and cold pre-conditioning. In addition, blockade of TNF-α signaling (CP + sTNFR1) returned IL-1β mRNA expression to control levels (n = 3/group). (c) Finally, cold pre-conditioning at 30°C for 90 min with 2 h recovery triggered significantly (p = 0.002) increased relative expression of IL-11 mRNA compared to control whereas cold pre-conditioning with blockade of TNF-α signaling (CP + sTNFR1) triggered a non-significant change in relative IL-11 mRNA expression compared to control (n = 3 per group).