Skip to main content
. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2013 Dec 1.
Published in final edited form as: Future Oncol. 2013 Feb;9(2):219–233. doi: 10.2217/fon.12.185

Figure 2. DNA damage response pathways.

Figure 2

While numerous feedback pathways exist within the DNA damage response (DDR), the canonical flow of signaling proceeds from sensors of DNA damage through proximal and distal signal transducers, and on to effector proteins. Shaded regions represent unique effector functions, although much like upstream transduction kinases, many DDR effectors fulfill multiple roles. Mediator proteins – many of which are activated by proximal signal transducers – and peripheral regulators influence multiple levels of DDR signaling. Dashed arrows indicate classical signaling pathways within the DDR, but are not specific for either activating or inhibitory signaling events [10,35,36,105].