Table 4.
Substance-specific analysis of the association between benzodiazepine or benzodiazepine related drugs and cancer. Exposure was defined by at least 500 DDD dispensed of each substance within the past 5 years, excluding the last year prior to index date
| Subgroup | Cases | Controls | Crude OR (95% CI) | Adjusted OR* (95% CI) |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Exposed/unexposed | Exposed/unexposed | |||
| All BZRD | 2 527/126 862 | 17 870/1 025 216 | 1.14 (1.09, 1.19) | 1.09 (1.04, 1.14) |
| All benzodiazepines† | 1 007/126 862 | 6 558/1 025 216 | 1.24 (1.16, 1.32) | 1.17 (1.09, 1.25) |
| Diazepam | 143/126 862 | 866/1 025 216 | 1.35 (1.13, 1.62) | 1.22 (1.02, 1.47) |
| Oxazepam | 203/126 862 | 1 277/1 025 216 | 1.31 (1.12, 1.52) | 1.25 (1.07, 1.46) |
| Alprazolam | 153/126 862 | 1 143/1 025 216 | 1.06 (0.89, 1.25) | 1.01 (0.85, 1.19) |
| Bromazepam | 31/126 862 | 193/1 025 216 | 1.33 (0.91, 1.96) | 1.29 (0.87, 1.89) |
| Nitrazepam | 228/126 862 | 1 386/1 025 216 | 1.31 (1.14, 1.51) | 1.24 (1.07, 1.43) |
| Triazolam | 109/126 862 | 745/1 025 216 | 1.17 (0.96, 1.44) | 1.10 (0.90, 1.35) |
| All benzodiazepines related drugs† | 1 528/126 862 | 11 095/1 025 216 | 1.11 (1.05, 1.17) | 1.06 (1.00, 1.12) |
| Zopiclone | 960/126 862 | 6 933/1 025 216 | 1.11 (1.04, 1.19) | 1.06 (0.99, 1.14) |
| Zolpidem | 561/126 862 | 4 024/1 025 216 | 1.13 (1.03, 1.23) | 1.08 (0.99, 1.18) |
BZRD, benzodiazepine and benzodiazepine related drugs.
*
Adjusted for use of aspirin, non-aspirin-NSAIDs, 5-α-reductase inhibitors, statins, angiotensin-II antagonists, oral contraceptives and hormone supplements, antidepressants, antipsychotics, diagnoses of inflammatory bowel disease, COPD, diabetes, alcohol abuse and Charlson Comorbidity Index score.
†
Benzodiazepines were defined as the ATC-groups N05BA and N05CD. Benzodiazepines related drugs were defined as the ATC-group N05CF.