Table 5.
Associations between long term exposure to benzodiazepine or benzodiazepine-related drugs and cancer risk, specified by patient subgroups
| Subgroup | Cases | Controls | Crude OR (95% CI) | Adjusted OR* (95% CI) |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Exposed/unexposed | Exposed/unexposed | |||
| All | 2 527/126 862 | 17 870/1 025 216 | 1.14 (1.09, 1.19) | 1.09 (1.04, 1.14) |
| Male | 1 233/68 758 | 8 452/556 725 | 1.18 (1.11, 1.26) | 1.11 (1.05, 1.19) |
| Female | 1 294/58 104 | 9 418/468 491 | 1.11 (1.04, 1.17) | 1.06 (1.00, 1.13) |
| Age <60 years | 455/43 583 | 2 864/353 662 | 1.30 (1.17, 1.44) | 1.11 (1.00, 1.24) |
| Age 60–79 years | 1 503/68 429 | 10 045/553 512 | 1.21 (1.15, 1.28) | 1.12 (1.06, 1.19) |
| Age 80 + years | 569/14 850 | 4 961/118 042 | 0.91 (0.84, 1.00) | 0.98 (0.90, 1.08) |
| CCI† score = 0 | 2 149/117 419 | 8 663/797 627 | 1.11 (1.04, 1.18) | 1.08 (1.01, 1.15) |
| No antidepressants | 1 904/124 266 | 13 021/1 002 495 | 1.18 (1.12, 1.24) | 1.09 (1.04, 1.15) |
| No antipsychotics | 2 424/126 568 | 17 205/1 022 780 | 1.14 (1.09, 1.19) | 1.08 (1.03, 1.13) |
| No known alcohol abuse | 2 170/122 642 | 16 038/1 001 865 | 1.10 (1.05, 1.15) | 1.09 (1.04, 1.14) |
| Diabetics | 288/8 159 | 2 184/59 868 | 1.04 (0.83, 1.32) | 1.02 (0.80, 1.30) |
| Non-diabetics | 2 239/118 703 | 15 686/965 348 | 1.16 (1.11, 1.21) | 1.10 (1.05, 1.15) |
Note: All cancer sites are included.
*
Adjusted for use of aspirin, non-aspirin-NSAIDs, 5-α-reductase inhibitors, statins, angiotensin-II antagonists, oral contraceptives and hormone supplements, antidepressants, antipsychotics, diagnoses of inflammatory bowel disease, COPD, diabetes, alcohol abuse and Charlson Comorbidity Index score.
†
Charlson Comorbidity Index (CCI).