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. 2013 Mar 19;54(3):763–771. doi: 10.3349/ymj.2013.54.3.763

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© Copyright: Yonsei University College of Medicine 2013

This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution Non-Commercial License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/) which permits unrestricted non-commercial use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.

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Fig. 5 — The cumulative flinching scores after intrathecal administration of nociceptin/orphanin FQ (N/OFQ) and naltrindole (NTI) in the formalin test. X-axis: doses of NTI (0, 5, 10, or 20 nmol). Ten nmol of N/OFQ was administered intrathecally, followed 5 min later with NTI. Y-axis: percentage of control for total flinches during phase I (1-10 min, top panel) and phase II (11-60 min, bottom panel) after formalin injection. Each value represents mean±SD (n=8). ^*p<0.05, ^‡p<0.001 versus vehicle pre-treated group (N/OFQ+NTI0). SD, standard deviation.