. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2014 Feb 1.

Published in final edited form as: J Am Acad Child Adolesc Psychiatry. 2012 Dec 28;52(2):143–152. doi: 10.1016/j.jaac.2012.11.006

TABLE 1.

Probable Mild or Moderate Depression at Ages 19 to 30 Years by Childhood Gender Nonconformity, Growing Up Today Study, 2007 and 2010 Waves (n = 9,355 and n = 7,073)

	Median or Below Gender Nonconformity (n = 4,836), %	Above Median, Below Top Decile Nonconformity (n = 3,159), %	Top Decile Nonconformity (n = 1,360), %
Probable mild or moderate depression, 2007	24.3	26.6	34.4^***
Females (n = 5,944)	25.8	27.9	33.5^***
Males (n = 3,411)	22.0	24.3	36.6^***
Probable mild or moderate depression, 2010	18.0	19.3	25.9^***
Females (n = 4,945)	18.7	20.6	24.6^**
Males (n = 2,128)	16.5	16.4	29.6^***

Note: Depression assessed by the Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression Scale—10 (CESD-10), with 11 or more symptoms indicating probable depression. Wald χ² test for differences in frequency by gender conformity:

^**

p < .01;

^***

p < .001.