Table 2.

Survival analysis of sociodemographic characteristics on the time to seeking treatment for major depressive disorder, unadjusted and adjusted analyses^a,b

	Unadjusted HR	95%CI		Adjusted HRc	95%CI
Sex
Male	0.58	0.36	0.92	0.68	0.42	1.08
Female	1.00	1.00	1.00	1.00	1.00	1.00
Race/Ethnicity
White (ref)	1.00	1.00	1.00	1.00	1.00	1.00
Black	0.83	0.43	1.61	0.70	0.38	1.30
Native Americans	0.52	0.18	1.54	0.81	0.34	1.91
Asian	3.08	0.91	10.45	5.22	1.67	16.27
Hispanic	1.33	0.50	3.52	0.81	0.35	1.88
Nativity
US-born (ref)	1.00	1.00	1.00	1.00	1.00	1.00
Foreign-born	2.33	0.72	7.50	1.49	0.49	4.52
Age at prescription opioid use disorder onset	1.13	1.09	1.17	1.10	1.06	1.14
Educational yearsd	1.01	0.94	1.10	0.99	0.90	1.10
Marital Statusd
Married	1.00	1.00	1.00	1.00	1.00	1.00
Widowed/ separated/ divorced	1.54	0.87	2.74	0.98	0.54	1.78
Never Married	1.33	0.80	2.22	1.15	0.70	1.88
Lifetime Comorbidityd
Alcohol Use Disorder	1.97	1.26	3.07	1.44	0.97	2.15
Drug Use Disorder	1.93	1.12	3.31	1.30	0.83	2.03
Nicotine Dependence	1.72	1.09	2.71	1.32	0.84	2.07
Dysthymia	2.70	1.38	5.28	1.30	0.62	2.74
Major Depressive Disorder	2.32	1.44	3.75	2.24	1.29	3.90
Bipolar Disorder	3.65	2.07	6.42	2.59	1.44	4.67
Panic disorder	3.00	1.55	5.83	1.18	0.62	2.24
Social Anxiety Disorder	1.60	0.74	3.46	0.58	0.24	1.38
Specific Phobia	2.11	1.26	3.54	1.84	1.06	3.20
Posttraumatic Stress Disorder	1.75	0.91	3.37	0.90	0.44	1.85
Generalized Anxiety Disorder	3.50	1.97	6.24	1.49	0.73	3.04
ClusterA	1.81	1.02	3.22	1.17	0.67	2.05
ClusterB	2.49	1.52	4.06	1.76	1.04	3.00
ClusterC	1.26	0.74	2.16	0.67	0.38	1.18

^aData from NESARC.

^bSignificant results are in bold.

^cAdjusted HR is adjusted for sex, race, nativity, age at prescription opioid use disorder onset, education years, marital status, and comorbid disorders.

^dTime-varying variable. (ref)= reference group.