Table 2.
Unadjusted HR | 95%CI | Adjusted HRc | 95%CI | |||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Sex | ||||||
Male | 0.58 | 0.36 | 0.92 | 0.68 | 0.42 | 1.08 |
Female | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 |
Race/Ethnicity | ||||||
White (ref) | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 |
Black | 0.83 | 0.43 | 1.61 | 0.70 | 0.38 | 1.30 |
Native Americans | 0.52 | 0.18 | 1.54 | 0.81 | 0.34 | 1.91 |
Asian | 3.08 | 0.91 | 10.45 | 5.22 | 1.67 | 16.27 |
Hispanic | 1.33 | 0.50 | 3.52 | 0.81 | 0.35 | 1.88 |
Nativity | ||||||
US-born (ref) | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 |
Foreign-born | 2.33 | 0.72 | 7.50 | 1.49 | 0.49 | 4.52 |
Age at prescription opioid use disorder onset | 1.13 | 1.09 | 1.17 | 1.10 | 1.06 | 1.14 |
Educational yearsd | 1.01 | 0.94 | 1.10 | 0.99 | 0.90 | 1.10 |
Marital Statusd | ||||||
Married | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 |
Widowed/ separated/ divorced | 1.54 | 0.87 | 2.74 | 0.98 | 0.54 | 1.78 |
Never Married | 1.33 | 0.80 | 2.22 | 1.15 | 0.70 | 1.88 |
Lifetime Comorbidityd | ||||||
Alcohol Use Disorder | 1.97 | 1.26 | 3.07 | 1.44 | 0.97 | 2.15 |
Drug Use Disorder | 1.93 | 1.12 | 3.31 | 1.30 | 0.83 | 2.03 |
Nicotine Dependence | 1.72 | 1.09 | 2.71 | 1.32 | 0.84 | 2.07 |
Dysthymia | 2.70 | 1.38 | 5.28 | 1.30 | 0.62 | 2.74 |
Major Depressive Disorder | 2.32 | 1.44 | 3.75 | 2.24 | 1.29 | 3.90 |
Bipolar Disorder | 3.65 | 2.07 | 6.42 | 2.59 | 1.44 | 4.67 |
Panic disorder | 3.00 | 1.55 | 5.83 | 1.18 | 0.62 | 2.24 |
Social Anxiety Disorder | 1.60 | 0.74 | 3.46 | 0.58 | 0.24 | 1.38 |
Specific Phobia | 2.11 | 1.26 | 3.54 | 1.84 | 1.06 | 3.20 |
Posttraumatic Stress Disorder | 1.75 | 0.91 | 3.37 | 0.90 | 0.44 | 1.85 |
Generalized Anxiety Disorder | 3.50 | 1.97 | 6.24 | 1.49 | 0.73 | 3.04 |
ClusterA | 1.81 | 1.02 | 3.22 | 1.17 | 0.67 | 2.05 |
ClusterB | 2.49 | 1.52 | 4.06 | 1.76 | 1.04 | 3.00 |
ClusterC | 1.26 | 0.74 | 2.16 | 0.67 | 0.38 | 1.18 |
Data from NESARC.
Significant results are in bold.
Adjusted HR is adjusted for sex, race, nativity, age at prescription opioid use disorder onset, education years, marital status, and comorbid disorders.
Time-varying variable. (ref)= reference group.